ꜥq

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ʕaːqʼ/ → /ʕaːqʼ/ → /ʕaːqʼ/ → /ʕoːqʼ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːk/
- Conventional anglicization: aq

Verb

2-lit.

(intransitive) to enter (+ m: into; + r: to (a person); + ḥr: before or through; + n: to)
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 174–175:
  
  ꜥḥꜥ.n(.j) ꜥq.kw ḥr jtj mz.n.j n.f jnw pn jn.n.j m ẖnw n(j) jw pn
  Then I entered before the sovereign and presented him with those gifts (literally, “this getting”) that I had gotten within that island.
(intransitive, of the sun) to set

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥq (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜥq, geminated stem: ꜥqq

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜥq	ꜥqw, ꜥq	ꜥqt	ꜥq, j.ꜥq	ꜥq, j.ꜥq

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜥq	ḥr ꜥq	m ꜥq	r ꜥq

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	ꜥq.n	consecutive	ꜥq.jn
terminative	ꜥqt	consecutive	ꜥq.jn
perfective³	ꜥq	obligative¹	ꜥq.ḫr
imperfective	ꜥq, j.ꜥq¹	obligative¹	ꜥq.ḫr
prospective³	ꜥq	potentialis¹	ꜥq.kꜣ
subjunctive	ꜥq, j.ꜥq¹	potentialis¹	ꜥq.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	ꜥq.n	—	—
perfective	ꜥq	ꜥq	ꜥqq, ꜥqqj⁶, ꜥq², ꜥqw^{2 5}, ꜥqy^{2 5}
imperfective	j.ꜥq¹, ꜥq, ꜥqy, ꜥqw⁵	j.ꜥq¹, j.ꜥqw^{1 5}, ꜥq, ꜥqj⁶, ꜥqy⁶	ꜥq, ꜥqw⁵
prospective	ꜥq, ꜥqtj⁷	ꜥqtj⁴, ꜥqt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

References

Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 75, 83