Egyptian
FWOTD – 14 July 2022
Etymology 1
Sometimes proposed to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔar-ḳ- (“to see, to understand”). Compare Proto-Cushitic *ʔark’- (“to see, to understand”).
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʕaːlaqʼ/ → /ˈʕaːlaqʼ/ → /ˈʕaːləqʼ/ → /ˈʕoːləqʼ/
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to bend
- (transitive) to tie on
- (transitive) to complete, to stop
- (transitive) to understand
c. 1900 BCE,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4:
- rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bj(ꜣ)t.sn m jjt ḥr.f
- So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜥrq (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥrq, geminated stem: ꜥrqq
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ꜥrq
|
ꜥrqw, ꜥrq
|
ꜥrqt
|
ꜥrq
|
ꜥrq
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ꜥrq
|
ḥr ꜥrq
|
m ꜥrq
|
r ꜥrq
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜥrq.n
|
ꜥrqw, ꜥrq
|
consecutive
|
ꜥrq.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
ꜥrqt
|
| perfective3
|
ꜥrq
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ꜥrq.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ꜥrq
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ꜥrq
|
ꜥrqq
|
potentialis1
|
ꜥrq.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ꜥrq
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ꜥrq.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ꜥrq
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜥrq
|
ꜥrq, ꜥrqw5, ꜥrqy5
|
| imperfective
|
ꜥrq, ꜥrqy, ꜥrqw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ꜥrq, ꜥrqj6, ꜥrqy6
|
ꜥrq, ꜥrqw5
|
| prospective
|
ꜥrq, ꜥrqtj7
|
—
|
ꜥrqtj4, ꜥrqt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
From a form of the verb above.
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ → /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ → /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ → /ʕaˈlaqʼ/
- (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ (singular); IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaːqʼaw/ (plural)
- (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ (singular); IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaːqʼaw/ (plural)
- (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ (singular); IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaːqʼə/ (plural)
- (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ (singular); IPA(key): /ʕaˈloːqʼ/ (plural)
Noun
m
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- leg joint
Inflection
Declension of ꜥrq (masculine)
| singular
|
ꜥrq
|
| dual
|
ꜥrqwj
|
| plural
|
ꜥrqw
|
Descendants
- Demotic: ꜣlg
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟϫ (aloč), ⲁⲗⲟⲕ (alok)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟϭ (aloc), ⲁⲗⲟⲕ (alok)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211.16–211.23
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 337, 368.