두르다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 두르다〮 (Yale: twùlù-tá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tuɾɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [두르다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | dureuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | duleuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | turŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | twuluta |
Verb
| Base | 두르다 (dureuda) |
|---|---|
| Passive | 둘리다 (dullida) |
두르다 • (dureuda) (infinitive 둘러, sequential 두르니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 두르다 (dureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 두른다 dureunda |
둘러 dulleo |
둘러요 dulleoyo |
두릅니다 dureumnida |
| Past | 둘렀다 dulleotda |
둘렀어 dulleosseo |
둘렀어요 dulleosseoyo |
둘렀습니다 dulleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 두르느냐 dureuneunya |
둘러 dulleo |
둘러요 dulleoyo |
두릅니까 dureumnikka |
| Past | 둘렀느냐 dulleonneunya |
둘렀어 dulleosseo |
둘렀어요 dulleosseoyo |
둘렀습니까 dulleotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 두르자 dureuja |
둘러 dulleo |
둘러요 dulleoyo |
두르십시다 dureusipsida | |
| Imperative | 둘러라 dulleora |
둘러 dulleo |
둘러요 dulleoyo |
두릅시오 dureupsio | |
| Assertive | 두르겠다 dureugetda |
두르겠어 dureugesseo |
두르겠어요 dureugesseoyo |
두르겠습니다 dureugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 둘러 dulleo |
둘러서 dulleoseo |
두르니 dureuni |
두르니까 dureunikka | |
| Contrast | 두르지만 dureujiman |
두르는데 dureuneunde |
두르더니 dureudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 두르고 dureugo |
||||
| Condition | 두르면 dureumyeon |
둘러야 dulleoya |
|||
| Motive | 두르려고 dureuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 두름 dureum |
두르기 dureugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 둘렀음 dulleosseum |
둘렀기 dulleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 두른 dureun | |||
| Present | 두르는 dureuneun | ||||
| Future | 두를 dureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 두르신다 dureusinda |
두르셔 dureusyeo |
두르세요, 두르셔요 dureuseyo, dureusyeoyo |
두르십니다 dureusimnida |
| Past | 두르셨다 dureusyeotda |
두르셨어 dureusyeosseo |
두르셨어요 dureusyeosseoyo |
두르셨습니다 dureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 두르시느냐 dureusineunya |
두르셔 dureusyeo |
두르세요, 두르셔요 dureuseyo, dureusyeoyo |
두르십니까 dureusimnikka |
| Past | 두르셨느냐 dureusyeonneunya |
두르셨어 dureusyeosseo |
두르셨어요 dureusyeosseoyo |
두르셨습니까 dureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 두르시라 dureusira |
두르셔 dureusyeo |
두르세요 dureuseyo |
두르십시오 dureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 두르시겠다 dureusigetda |
두르시겠어 dureusigesseo |
두르시겠어요 dureusigesseoyo |
두르시겠습니다 dureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 두르셔 dureusyeo |
두르셔서 dureusyeoseo |
두르시니 dureusini |
두르시니까 dureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 두르시지만 dureusijiman |
두르시는데 dureusineunde |
두르시더니 dureusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 두르시고 dureusigo |
||||
| Condition | 두르시면 dureusimyeon |
두르셔야 dureusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 두르시려고 dureusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 두르심 dureusim |
두르시기 dureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 두르셨음 dureusyeosseum |
두르셨기 dureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 두르신 dureusin | |||
| Present | 두르시는 dureusineun | ||||
| Future | 두르실 dureusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 꺼두르다 (kkeodureuda)
- 내두르다 (naedureuda)
- 에두르다 (edureuda)
- 휘두르다 (hwidureuda)
Middle Korean
Etymology
Perhaps from *둘〯- (*twǔl-, “to turn”, ablaut pair of 돌〯다〮 (twǒltá)) + -으- (-u-, causative suffix), or perhaps directly an ablaut pair from 도르다〮 (twòlùtá, “to turn something”).
Pronunciation
- (Morphophonemic) IPA(key): ⫽tùlɨ̀tá⫽
Verb
두르다 (twuluta)
Descendants
- Korean: 두르다 (dureuda)