애쓰다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Gyechuk ilgi (癸丑日記 / 계축일기), c. 1600 , as Early Modern Korean 애ᄡᅳ다 (Yale: aypsuta). from 애 (ae, “effort”) + 쓰다 (sseuda, “to spend”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈɛ(ː)s͈ɯda̠] ~ [ˈe̞(ː)s͈ɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [애(ː)쓰다/에(ː)쓰다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | aesseuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ae'sseuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | aessŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | āy.ssuta |
Verb
애쓰다 • (aesseuda) (infinitive 애써, sequential 애쓰니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 애쓰다 (aesseuda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 애쓴다 aesseunda |
애써 aesseo |
애써요 aesseoyo |
애씁니다 aesseumnida |
| Past | 애썼다 aesseotda |
애썼어 aesseosseo |
애썼어요 aesseosseoyo |
애썼습니다 aesseotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 애쓰느냐 aesseuneunya |
애써 aesseo |
애써요 aesseoyo |
애씁니까 aesseumnikka |
| Past | 애썼느냐 aesseonneunya |
애썼어 aesseosseo |
애썼어요 aesseosseoyo |
애썼습니까 aesseotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 애쓰자 aesseuja |
애써 aesseo |
애써요 aesseoyo |
애쓰십시다 aesseusipsida | |
| Imperative | 애써라 aesseora |
애써 aesseo |
애써요 aesseoyo |
애씁시오 aesseupsio | |
| Assertive | 애쓰겠다 aesseugetda |
애쓰겠어 aesseugesseo |
애쓰겠어요 aesseugesseoyo |
애쓰겠습니다 aesseugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 애써 aesseo |
애써서 aesseoseo |
애쓰니 aesseuni |
애쓰니까 aesseunikka | |
| Contrast | 애쓰지만 aesseujiman |
애쓰는데 aesseuneunde |
애쓰더니 aesseudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 애쓰고 aesseugo |
||||
| Condition | 애쓰면 aesseumyeon |
애써야 aesseoya |
|||
| Motive | 애쓰려고 aesseuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 애씀 aesseum |
애쓰기 aesseugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 애썼음 aesseosseum |
애썼기 aesseotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 애쓴 aesseun | |||
| Present | 애쓰는 aesseuneun | ||||
| Future | 애쓸 aesseul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 애쓰신다 aesseusinda |
애쓰셔 aesseusyeo |
애쓰세요, 애쓰셔요 aesseuseyo, aesseusyeoyo |
애쓰십니다 aesseusimnida |
| Past | 애쓰셨다 aesseusyeotda |
애쓰셨어 aesseusyeosseo |
애쓰셨어요 aesseusyeosseoyo |
애쓰셨습니다 aesseusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 애쓰시느냐 aesseusineunya |
애쓰셔 aesseusyeo |
애쓰세요, 애쓰셔요 aesseuseyo, aesseusyeoyo |
애쓰십니까 aesseusimnikka |
| Past | 애쓰셨느냐 aesseusyeonneunya |
애쓰셨어 aesseusyeosseo |
애쓰셨어요 aesseusyeosseoyo |
애쓰셨습니까 aesseusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 애쓰시라 aesseusira |
애쓰셔 aesseusyeo |
애쓰세요 aesseuseyo |
애쓰십시오 aesseusipsio | |
| Assertive | 애쓰시겠다 aesseusigetda |
애쓰시겠어 aesseusigesseo |
애쓰시겠어요 aesseusigesseoyo |
애쓰시겠습니다 aesseusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 애쓰셔 aesseusyeo |
애쓰셔서 aesseusyeoseo |
애쓰시니 aesseusini |
애쓰시니까 aesseusinikka | |
| Contrast | 애쓰시지만 aesseusijiman |
애쓰시는데 aesseusineunde |
애쓰시더니 aesseusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 애쓰시고 aesseusigo |
||||
| Condition | 애쓰시면 aesseusimyeon |
애쓰셔야 aesseusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 애쓰시려고 aesseusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 애쓰심 aesseusim |
애쓰시기 aesseusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 애쓰셨음 aesseusyeosseum |
애쓰셨기 aesseusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 애쓰신 aesseusin | |||
| Present | 애쓰시는 aesseusineun | ||||
| Future | 애쓰실 aesseusil | ||||