𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀚

Cognate to Ποσειδῶν (Poseidôn), closer to its Homeric form Ποσειδάων (Poseidáōn). Notably lacks intervocalic /w/ attested in Corinthian Ποτειδάϝωνι (Poteidáwōni), confirming it to be secondary. See the Ancient Greek entry for the ultimate etymology.

𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀚 (po-se-da-o-ne)

1. A theonym. (dative)
   • KN V 52 & 52bis & 8285.2,^[1] a list of divine names:

     𐀁𐀝𐀷𐀪𐀍 𐄇 𐀞𐀊𐀺𐀚 𐄇 𐀡𐀮𐀅[𐀃𐀚

     e-nu-wa-ri-jo 1 pa-ja-wo-ne 1 po-se-da[-o-ne

     to Enyalios, to Paian, to Poseidon

   • KN X 5560.b,^[2] without context:

     𐀐

     𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃[

     ke

     po-se-da-o[

     […] Poseidon […]

   • The series of PY Es from 645–649, 651–653, 703, 726–729, always on the first line (see notes). Some examples:
     • PY Es 646.1:^[3]

       𐀒𐀟𐀩𐀄𐄀𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀚𐄀𐀈𐀗𐀰𐄀𐂎 𐄇 𐄼 𐄋

       ko-pe-re-u, po-se-da-o-ne, do-mo-so, GRA 1 T 5

       Kopreus: offerings to Poseidon wheat 180 l.

     • PY Es 647.1:^[4]

       𐀃𐀡𐀫𐀕𐀜𐄀𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀚 𐀈𐀰𐀗 𐂎 𐄇 𐄼 𐄍

       o-po-ro-me-no, po-se-da-o-ne do-so-mo GRA 1 T 7

       Hoplomenos: offerings to Poseidon wheat 204 l.

     • PY Es 649.1:^[5]

       𐀀𐀩𐀓𐀶𐀬{𐀜}𐀚 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀜 𐀈𐀰𐀗 𐂎 𐄈 𐄼 𐄉

       a-re-ku-tu-ru{-no}-ne po-se-da-o-no do-so-mo GRA 2 T 3

       Alektryon: offerings of/to^? Poseidon wheat 276 l.

     • PY Es 653.1:^[6]

       𐁁𐀑𐀷𐀫𐄀𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐄀𐀈𐀰𐀗 𐂎 𐄼 𐄌

       a3-ki-wa-ro, po-se-da-o, do-so-mo GRA T 6

       a3-ki-wa-ro: offerings to Poseidon wheat 72 l.

   • PY Un 718.1:^[7]

     𐀭𐀨𐀟𐀅𐄀𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀛𐄀𐀈𐀰𐀗

     sa-ra-pe-da, po-se-da-o-ni, do-so-mo

     (of) sa-ra-pe-da: offerings to Poseidon

   • PY Fr 343 & 1213:^[8]

     𐀡]𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀚	𐀁𐀴𐀸	𐂕 [
     	𐀩𐀐𐀵𐀫𐀳𐀪𐀍

     po]-se-da-o-ne	e-ti-we	OLE [
     	re-ke-to-ro-te-ri-jo

     to Poseidon, on the religious feast, olive oil perfumed with e-ti

   • PY Fr 1219(.2):^[9]

     𐀷𐀜𐀰𐀂𐄀𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀚 𐂕+𐀀 𐄾 𐄈

     wa-no-so-i, po-se-da-o-ne OLE+a V 2

     to the Two Queens [and] Poseidon: almond^? oil 4 l.

   • PY Fr 1224.b:^[10]

     𐀞𐀒𐀸 𐀁𐀴𐀸	𐂕+𐀞 𐄿 𐄈
     𐀞𐀑𐀊𐀛𐀍𐀍 𐀕𐀜 𐀡𐀮𐀀𐀈𐀚

     pa-ko-we e-ti-we	OLE+pa Z 2
     pa-ki-ja-ni-jo-jo me-no po-se-a-do-ne

     in the month of pa-ki-ja-ni-jo, to Poseidon, sage- and e-ti-perfumed wild-olive^? oil 0.8 l.

   • Also in the fragmentary clusters of PY Un 6, Eq 36 and Un 853.

• Given its countless mentions and the fact that on the PY Es tablets he is mentioned on he is always mentioned first and has the greatest amount of offerings, the divinity must have been the principal god of Pylus. Thanks to the comparative method, largely identified with the water and earthquake divinity Poseidon. The 𐀁𐀚𐀯𐀅𐀃𐀚 (e-ne-si-da-o-ne, literally “earth-shaker”) mentioned in Knossos is likely an epithet of the same divinity.
• Some sources lemmatise at the form 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃 (po-se-da-o) which would be the expected spelling of the nominative case. However, the form is undeniably attested (i.e. not in a fragment) in PY Es 653 in a context which would require the dative case (or less likely, the genitive case), probably being simply a scribal omission of the last syllabogram. An actual nomanitive remains unattested.
• The form 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀜 (po-se-da-o-no), often identified as genitive, may actually be a scribal error for the dative 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀚 (po-se-da-o-ne) as well, and it is unclear whether the hapax form 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀛 (po-se-da-o-ni) does reflect an alternative dative in -νι (-ni) or is simply yet another scribal error for the usual 𐀚 (ne) = -νει (-nei).

• (dative): 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀚 (po-se-da-o-ne), 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀛 (po-se-da-o-ni)
• (genitive)^?: 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃𐀜 (po-se-da-o-no)
• (genitive/dative)^?: 𐀡𐀮𐀅𐀃 (po-se-da-o)

• DMic., vol. 2, pages 153f.: “po-se-da-o”
• MGV, vol. 1, page 238: “Ποσειδῶν”
• Pylos Tablets II, page 213a: “po-se-da-o”
• Burkert (1985), §III.2.3 page 136