πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +β€Ž πŒ°πŒ±π‚πƒ (abrs, β€œsevere, extreme”) +β€Ž -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /biˈabrjan/

Verb

πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (biabrjan)

  1. to be astonished
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Matthew 7:28:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 π…πŒ°π‚πŒΈ, 𐌸𐌰𐌽 πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ· πŒΉπŒ΄πƒπŒΏπƒ πŒΈπ‰ π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒ°, πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ πŒΉπƒ.
      jah warΓΎ, ΓΎan ustauh iΔ“sus þō waurda, biabridΔ“dun manageins ana laiseinai is.
      And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the people were astonished at his doctrine: (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
infinitive πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
biabrjan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°
biabrja 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
biabrida 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjada
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
biabreis 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
biabridΔ“s 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
biabrjaza
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biabreiΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
biabrida 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjada
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπ‰πƒ
biabrjōs 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
biabridΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
biabrjats 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
biabridΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
biabrjam 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
biabridΔ“dum 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjanda
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biabreiΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
biabridΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjanda
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
biabrjand 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
biabridΔ“dun 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjanda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjau 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
biabridΔ“djau 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaidau
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
biabrjais 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
biabridΔ“deis 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaizau
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
biabrjai 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
biabridΔ“di 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaidau
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
biabrjaiwa 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
biabridΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
biabrjaits 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
biabridΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
biabrjaima 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
biabridΔ“deima 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaindau
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
biabrjaiΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biabridΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaindau
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
biabrjaina 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
biabridΔ“deina 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaindau
imperative
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉ
biabrei
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjadau
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
biabrjats
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biabreiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjandau
present past
participles πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
biabrjands 		πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
biabriΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 1
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