-𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-janΔ….

Suffix

-𐌾𐌰𐌽 β€’ (-jan)

  1. Derives denominatives from nouns and factitives from adjectives.

Usage notes

Appears to function as an iterative suffix in 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaggjan).

Conjugation

The form of this suffix in the second- and third-person singular present active indicative, as well as in the second-person plural present active indicative and imperative, vary according to Siever's law:

  • Following a long stem, which has either a long vowel or diphthong, or a short vowel followed by several consonants, the suffix is -𐌴𐌹-.
Class 1 weak
infinitive -𐌾𐌰𐌽
-jan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular -𐌾𐌰
-ja 		-𐌹𐌳𐌰
-ida 		-𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
-jada
2nd singular -πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
-eis 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
-idΔ“s 		-𐌾𐌰𐌢𐌰
-jaza
3rd singular -𐌴𐌹𐌸
-eiþ 		-𐌹𐌳𐌰
-ida 		-𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
-jada
1st dual -πŒΎπ‰πƒ
-jōs 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿
-idΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual -πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
-jats 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
-idΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural -𐌾𐌰𐌼
-jam 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
-idΔ“dum 		-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
-janda
2nd plural -𐌴𐌹𐌸
-eiþ 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
-idΔ“duΓΎ 		-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
-janda
3rd plural -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳
-jand 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
-idΔ“dun 		-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
-janda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular -𐌾𐌰𐌿
-jau 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
-idΔ“djau 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaidau
2nd singular -πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
-jais 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
-idΔ“deis 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
-jaizau
3rd singular -𐌾𐌰𐌹
-jai 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹
-idΔ“di 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaidau
1st dual -πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
-jaiwa 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
-idΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual -πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
-jaits 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
-idΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
-jaima 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
-idΔ“deima 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaindau
2nd plural -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸
-jaiþ 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
-idΔ“deiΓΎ 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaindau
3rd plural -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
-jaina 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
-idΔ“deina 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaindau
imperative
2nd singular -𐌴𐌹
-ei
3rd singular -𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jadau
2nd dual -πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
-jats
2nd plural -𐌴𐌹𐌸
-eiΓΎ
3rd plural -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jandau
present past
participles -πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
-jands 		-πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
-iΓΎs
  • Following a short stem, which consists of a short vowel followed by a single consonant, the suffix is -𐌾𐌹-.
Class 1 weak
infinitive -𐌾𐌰𐌽
-jan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular -𐌾𐌰
-ja 		-𐌹𐌳𐌰
-ida 		-𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
-jada
2nd singular -πŒΎπŒΉπƒ
-jis 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
-idΔ“s 		-𐌾𐌰𐌢𐌰
-jaza
3rd singular -𐌾𐌹𐌸
-jiþ 		-𐌹𐌳𐌰
-ida 		-𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
-jada
1st dual -πŒΎπ‰πƒ
-jōs 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿
-idΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual -πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
-jats 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
-idΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural -𐌾𐌰𐌼
-jam 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
-idΔ“dum 		-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
-janda
2nd plural -𐌾𐌹𐌸
-jiþ 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
-idΔ“duΓΎ 		-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
-janda
3rd plural -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳
-jand 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
-idΔ“dun 		-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
-janda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular -𐌾𐌰𐌿
-jau 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
-idΔ“djau 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaidau
2nd singular -πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
-jais 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
-idΔ“deis 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
-jaizau
3rd singular -𐌾𐌰𐌹
-jai 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹
-idΔ“di 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaidau
1st dual -πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
-jaiwa 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
-idΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual -πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
-jaits 		-πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
-idΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
-jaima 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
-idΔ“deima 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaindau
2nd plural -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸
-jaiþ 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
-idΔ“deiΓΎ 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaindau
3rd plural -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
-jaina 		-𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
-idΔ“deina 		-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jaindau
imperative
2nd singular -𐌴𐌹
-ei
3rd singular -𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jadau
2nd dual -πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
-jats
2nd plural -𐌾𐌹𐌸
-jiΓΎ
3rd plural -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
-jandau
present past
participles -πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
-jands 		-πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
-iΓΎs

Derived terms

Gothic terms suffixed with -𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌡𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ±πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌱𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ±π‰π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπ€πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌲𐌰𐌡𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°π‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½π‰πŒ·πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌻𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ²πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…πŒΉπŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΈπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ΄π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ²πŒ°π†π‚πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ†πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌷𐌿𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ·πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒ·π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΈπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒΈπŒΏπ„πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΉπŒ³π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΉπŒ½πƒπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒΈπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΊπŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπŒ»πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽
𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒ½πŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ»π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
πŒΏπƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΏπƒπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΏπƒπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ°πƒπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ·πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈπ‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚π†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πŒΏπ†πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π‚πŒΉπŒ²πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π‚πŒΉπŒ΅πŒΉπŒΆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πƒπŒ°πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πƒπŒΉπŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ³πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πƒπŒΉπ€π‰πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πƒπŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
πƒπ…πŒ΄πŒ²πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π„πŒ°πŒ²π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π„πŒΏπŒ»πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π„π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ†πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π…πŒ°πŒΉπ†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πˆπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π…πŒ°πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌπŒ΄π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ„π…π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π†πŒΉπŒ»πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π†πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΈπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
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