πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž *πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πƒ (*ΓΎwasts) +β€Ž -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈθwastjan/

Verb

πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gaΓΎwastjan) (perfective)

  1. to establish, make firm
    • 2 Corinthians 1:21:
      𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 πƒπŒ° πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΏπŒ½πƒ 𐌼𐌹𐌸 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ 𐌹𐌽 π‡π‚πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπŒ°πŒ»πŒ±π‰πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΏπŒ½πƒ 𐌲𐌿𐌸
      aþþan sa gaþwastjands uns miþ izwis in xristau jah salbōnds uns guþ
      Now he which stablisheth us with you in Christ, and hath anointed us, is God (KJV)
  2. to restore
    • Galatians 6:1:
      πŒ±π‚π‰πŒΈπ‚πŒΎπŒΏπƒ, 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 πŒ²πŒ°π†πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐍈𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌹 πŒΌπŒΉπƒπƒπŒ°πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄, πŒΎπŒΏπƒ 𐌸𐌰𐌹 πŒ°πŒ·πŒΌπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 πƒπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒ½πŒ° 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 πŒ΅πŒ°πŒΉπ‚π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ, πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπŒ°πŒΉπˆπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ 𐌸𐌿𐌺 πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½, 𐌹𐌱𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌿 π†π‚πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ.
      brōþrjus, jabai gafahaidau manna in Ζ•izai missadΔ“dΔ“, jus ΓΎai ahmeinans gaΓΎwastjaiΓΎ ΓΎana swaleikana in ahmin qairreins, andsaiΖ•ands ΓΎuk silban, iba jah ΓΎu fraisaizau.
      Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted. (KJV)
  3. (passive voice) to be strong
    • 1 Corinthians 16:13:
      π…πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ πƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΏπŒ· 𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹, π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπ‰ π„πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ, πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ.
      wakaiþ standaiduh in galaubeinai, wairaleikō taujaiþ, gaþwastidai sijaiþ.
      Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gaΓΎwastjan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°
gaΓΎwastja 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gaΓΎwastida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gaΓΎwastjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gaΓΎwasteis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gaΓΎwastjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaΓΎwasteiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gaΓΎwastida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gaΓΎwastjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gaΓΎwastjōs 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gaΓΎwastjats 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gaΓΎwastjam 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaΓΎwastjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaΓΎwasteiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaΓΎwastjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gaΓΎwastjand 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gaΓΎwastidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaΓΎwastjanda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gaΓΎwastjais 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gaΓΎwastjai 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gaΓΎwastjaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gaΓΎwastidΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gaΓΎwastjaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gaΓΎwastjaima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gaΓΎwastidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gaΓΎwastjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaΓΎwastidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gaΓΎwastjaina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gaΓΎwastidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjaindau
imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒΉ
gaΓΎwastei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gaΓΎwastjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaΓΎwasteiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaΓΎwastjandau
present past
participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gaΓΎwastjands 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gaΓΎwastiΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 152
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