𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (biugan).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈbiuΜ―Ι‘an/, [Ι‘aˈbiuΜ―Ι£an]

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 β€’ (gabiugan) (perfective)

  1. (hapax legomenon) to bend
    • Mark 5:4
      πŒΏπŒ½π„πŒ΄ πŒΉπƒ πŒΏπ†π„πŒ° πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒ°π‚πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌱𐌹 π†π‰π„πŒΏπŒ½πƒ 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπŒ±πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πŒΌ πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒ°π‚πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ π…πŒ°πƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πŒ°π† πƒπŒΉπƒ πŒΈπ‰πƒ πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπŒ±πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΈπ‰ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 π†π‰π„πŒΏπŒΌ πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒ°π‚πŒ½πŒ° πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ°πŒΊ, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌽𐌹 πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ° 𐌹𐌽𐌰 πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½.
      untΔ“ is ufta eisarnam bi fōtuns gabuganaim jah naudibandjōm eisarneinaim gabundans was jah galausida af sis þōs naudibandjōs jah þō ana fōtum eisarna gabrak, jah manna ni mahta ina gatamjan.
      Because that he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been plucked asunder by him, and the fetters broken in pieces: neither could any man tame him. (KJV)
      (literally, β€œβ€¦bound with irons bent around his feet and with chains…”)

Conjugation

Class 2 strong
infinitive 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽
gabiugan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰
gabiuga 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌲
gabaug 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰
gabiugada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπƒ
gabiugis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„
gabauht 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌢𐌰
gabiugaza
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌸
gabiugiþ 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌲
gabaug 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰
gabiugada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²π‰πƒ
gabiugōs 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿
gabugu 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°π„πƒ
gabiugats 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπ„πƒ
gabuguts 		β€”
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌼
gabiugam 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌼
gabugum 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gabiuganda
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌸
gabiugiþ 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌸
gabuguþ 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gabiuganda
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳
gabiugand 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽
gabugun 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gabiuganda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌿
gabiugau 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌿
gabugjau 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
gabiugaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gabiugais 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gabugeis 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
gabiugaizau
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹
gabiugai 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌹
gabugi 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
gabiugaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gabiugaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gabugeiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gabiugaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gabugeits 		β€”
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
gabiugaima 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
gabugeima 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gabiugaindau
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌸
gabiugaiþ 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌸
gabugeiþ 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gabiugaindau
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
gabiugaina 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
gabugeina 		𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gabiugaindau
imperative
2nd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲
gabiug
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
gabiugadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°π„πƒ
gabiugats
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌸
gabiugiΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gabiugandau
present past
participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gabiugands 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
gabugans

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 21
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