πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (hnaiwjan).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈhnɛːwjan/

Verb

πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gahnaiwjan) (perfective)

  1. to lower, abase, humiliate

For quotations using this term, see Citations:πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½.

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gahnaiwjan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°
gahnaiwja 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gahnaiweis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gahnaiwidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gahnaiwjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiweiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gahnaiwjōs 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gahnaiwidΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gahnaiwjats 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gahnaiwidΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gahnaiwjam 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gahnaiwidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiweiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gahnaiwidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gahnaiwjand 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gahnaiwidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjanda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gahnaiwjais 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gahnaiwidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gahnaiwjai 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gahnaiwidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gahnaiwjaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gahnaiwidΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gahnaiwjaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gahnaiwidΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gahnaiwjaima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gahnaiwidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiwjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiwidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gahnaiwjaina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gahnaiwidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaindau
imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉ
gahnaiwei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gahnaiwjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiweiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjandau
present past
participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gahnaiwjands 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gahnaiwiΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 59
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