πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½ (skamān).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈskamaːn/

Verb

πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gaskamān) (perfective)

  1. (hapax legomenon, reflexive) to be ashamed
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 2 Thessalonians 3:14:
      𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 πˆπŒ°πƒ 𐌽𐌹 πŒΏπ†πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒ° πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΌπŒ° πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ· πŒΈπ‰πƒ πŒ±π‰πŒΊπ‰πƒ, 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ°π‚πŒ·πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ; 𐌽𐌹 𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌴𐌹 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉ πƒπŒΉπŒΊ.
      iΓΎ jabai Ζ•as ni ufhausjai waurda unsaramma ΓΎairh þōs bōkōs, ΓΎana gatarhjaiΓΎ; ni blandaiΓΎ izwis miΓΎ imma, ei gaskamai sik.
      And if any man obey not our word by this epistle, note that man, and have no company with him, that he may be ashamed. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 3 weak
infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½
gaskamān
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°
gaskama 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gaskamaida 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gaskamāda
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gaskamais 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gaskamaidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gaskamāza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gaskamaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gaskamaida 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gaskamāda
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπ‰πƒ
gaskamōs 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gaskamaidΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°π„πƒ
gaskamāts 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gaskamaidΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΌ
gaskamām 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gaskamaidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaskamānda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gaskamaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gaskamaidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaskamānda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gaskamānd 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gaskamaidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaskamānda
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamau 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamaidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gaskamais 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gaskamaidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉ
gaskamai 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gaskamaidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gaskamaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gaskamaidΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gaskamaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gaskamaidΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gaskamaima 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gaskamaidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gaskamaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaskamaidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gaskamaina 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gaskamaidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamaindau
imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉ
gaskamai
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamādau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°π„πƒ
gaskamāts
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gaskamaiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaskamāndau
present past
participles πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gaskamānds 		πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gaskamaiΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 123
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