𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀
Avestan
FWOTD – 29 April 2017
Alternative forms
- 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 (aēṣ̌ma) — Young Avestan
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian *HáyšHmah.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aeːʂəma/
Noun
𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 • (aēšəma) m[1][2] (Old Avestan)
- anger, fury, madness, wrath
- Hymn to Haoma Yasna 10.8:
- 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬈 ⸱ 𐬰𐬍 ⸱ 𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬉 ⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬋 ⸱ 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬈 ⸱ 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬨 ⸱ 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬋 ⸱ 𐬁𐬀𐬝 ⸱ 𐬵𐬋 ⸱ 𐬫𐬋 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬈 ⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬋 ⸱ 𐬀𐬴𐬀 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈
- vīspe . zī . aniiē . maδā̊ŋhō . aēṣ̌ma . haciṇte . xruuīm . druuō . āat̰ . hō . yō . haomahe . maδō . aṣ̌a . hacaite
- All other intoxicants bring on the madness of a bloody club, but the intoxication of Haoma brings Truth[3]
- 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬈 ⸱ 𐬰𐬍 ⸱ 𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬉 ⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬋 ⸱ 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬈 ⸱ 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬨 ⸱ 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬋 ⸱ 𐬁𐬀𐬝 ⸱ 𐬵𐬋 ⸱ 𐬫𐬋 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬈 ⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬋 ⸱ 𐬀𐬴𐬀 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈
- (Zoroastrianism) Aeshma (the hypostasis of brutality and violence, as opposed to Truth)[4]
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬋 (aēšəmō) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁 (aēšəmā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁 (aēšəmā) |
| vocative | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁 (aēšəmā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁 (aēšəmā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁 (aēšəmā) |
| accusative | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬆𐬨 (aēšəməm) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁 (aēšəmā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬇𐬧𐬔 (aēšəmə̄ṇg) |
| instrumental | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁 (aēšəmā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬁 (aēšəmōibiiā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁𐬌𐬱 (aēšəmāiš) |
| dative | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁𐬌 (aēšəmāi) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬁 (aēšəmōibiiā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬋 (aēšəmaēibiiō) |
| ablative | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬁𐬝 (aēšəmāt̰) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬁 (aēšəmōibiiā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬋 (aēšəmaēibiiō) |
| genitive | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬌𐬌𐬁 (aēšəmahiiā) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬃 (aēšəmaiiā̊) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨 (aēšəmanąm) |
| locative | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬉 (aēšəmē) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋 (aēšəmaiiō) | 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬏 (aēšəmaēšū) |
Descendants
- → Gujarati: અએશમ (aeśam), અએષમ (aeṣam) (learned)
References
- ^ Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1900) “𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀”, in A Complete Dictionary of the Avesta Language[1], Bombay: Education society's steam press, page 12
- ^ Uesugi, Heindio, Catt, Adam Alvah, editors (2024), “aēšəma”, in Old Avestan Dictionary (Asian and African Lexicon; 67), Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, →ISBN, page 5
- ^ “Lesson 6: Young Avestan”, in Old Iranian Online[2], 2017
- ^ Asmussen, J. P. (1983) “AĒŠMA”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, volume I, fascicle 5, pages 479-480