Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HáyšHmah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáyšHmas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óysh₂-mo-s, from *h₁eysh₂- (“to strengthen; to propel”) +‎ *-mos. Cognate with Ancient Greek οἶμα (oîma, “a rush”).

Noun

*HáyšHmah m

  1. anger, wrath

Inflection

masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *HáyšHmah *HáyšHmā(w) *HáyšHmāh(ah)
vocative *HáyšHma *HáyšHmā(w) *HáyšHmāh(ah)
accusative *HáyšHmam *HáyšHmā(w) *HáyšHmānh
instrumental *HáyšHmaH *HáyšHmaybʰyā(m) *HáyšHmāyš
ablative *HáyšHmāt *HáyšHmaybʰyā(m) *HáyšHmaybʰyah
dative *HáyšHmāy *HáyšHmaybʰyā(m) *HáyšHmaybʰyah
genitive *HáyšHmahya *HáyšHmayāh *HáyšHmānaHam
locative *HáyšHmay *HáyšHmayaw *HáyšHmayšu

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aēšəma), 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 (aēṣ̌ma) — Young Avestan
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Kurdish: hov (“wild”)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠xēšm⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫏𐫢𐫖 (xyšm), 𐫟𐫏𐫏𐫢𐫖 (xyyšm)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾyšm)
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