𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 (ʾmrʾq /amraḳ/) 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmyrʾq /amïraḳ/) 𐽶𐽶𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 (yymrʾq /yïmraḳ/) 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾrmʾq /armaḳ/) 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽻𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmsʾq /amsaḳ/)[1] |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | 𐰢𐰺𐰴 (mr¹q /amraḳ/) |
| Manichaean script | 𐫀𐫖𐫡𐫀𐫠 (ʾmrʾq̈ /amraḳ/)[2] |
| Syriac script | *ܐܡܪܐܩܝ (*ʾmrʾqy /*amraḳï/)[3][4] |
| Brahmi script | 𑀆𑀫𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀔𑁆 (āmrākh /āmrāḳ/) |
| Han script | 阿密喇 (ʔa.mit.lat /amï[ŕ]a/) |
Etymology
By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾmʾq /amra-/, “to like, to be fond of, to desire”) + -𐽷 (-k /-ḳ/, deverbal suffix), from Proto-Turkic *am- (“to love, to desire; to be quiet”).
Shares the same root with 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁 (ʾʾmyl /amïl/, “peaceful, calm, mild, quiet”), 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmyrtmʾq /amïrtmaḳ/, “to resolve a quarrel, to seek peace”) and 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrylmʾq /amrïlmaḳ/, “to be relaxed, to reach for Nirvāṇa”). Cognate with Karakhanid اَمْرَقْ (amraḳ, “calm, relaxed”).
Adjective
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾq /amraḳ/)
- beloved, dear, desired
- Synonyms: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽿𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽷 (kwyšʾncyk /küšenčig/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽷 (ʾwykwk /ögük/), 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽷 (sʾβyk /sevig/), 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽶 (tʾrtyncy /tartïnčï/)
- loved, caressed, deeply cared for
- Synonyms: 𐽰𐽶𐽻𐽶𐽷 (ʾysyk /isig/), 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽷 (sʾβyklyk /seviglig/)
- 𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽹𐾀𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽹 𐾈
- ʾmrʾq̈ ʾwqlʾnymtyn ʾʾdrʾltym
- /Amraḳ oġlanïmtïn adraltïm./
- I was separated from my dear son.
- loved, lusted after
- Synonyms: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽷 (kwynylʾmʾklyk /künilemeklig/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽻𐽳𐽿 (kwyswš /küsüš/), 𐽰𐽳𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽻𐽳𐽴 (ʾwβwtswz /uvutsuz/)
Noun
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾq /amraḳ/)
- beloved person, friend
- Synonyms: 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽿𐽳𐽷 (pwyšwk /böšük/), 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽸𐽶𐽽 (sʾqdyc /saġdïč/), 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽾𐽶 (sʾqʾcʾry /saḥačaré/), 𐾀𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽽 (tʾyʾnc /tayanč/)
- boyfriend or a girlfriend, romantic partner
- Synonyms: 𐽰𐽶𐽿 (ʾyš /éš/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽸𐽰𐽿 (kwynkwldʾš /köŋüldeš/)
- 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽰𐽹𐽷𐽰𐽷
- ʾʾmrʾq̈lʾrtyn ʾʾdyrylqwlwq̈ ʾmkʾk
- /amraḳlartïn adïrïlġuluḳ emgek/
- the toil of having to leave the ones you love behind (eqv. Priyaviprayoge-duḥkha)
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾq) | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾmrʾqnynk) | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾmrʾqqʾ) | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾqyq), 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾmrʾqny) | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾryq), 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾmrʾqtʾ) | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾmrʾqtyn) | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾmrʾqyn) | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (ʾʾmrʾqcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾʾmrʾqqʾrw), 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽰 (ʾʾmrʾqrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾʾmrʾqlʾyw) |
Compound terms
- 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽻𐽶𐽷 (ʾʾmrʾq ʾysyk /amraḳ isig/, “beloved”)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Mongolian: амраг (amrag, “love”)
Proper noun
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾq /Amraḳ/)
- a unisex given name
- 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐽶𐽰 (male) ― ʾʾmrʾq qyʾ /Amraḳ-ḳya/
- 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 (female) ― ʾʾmrʾq̈ twyzwn /Amraḳ Tözün/
References
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Attested as 𐫀𐫗𐫡𐫀𐫗𐫖𐫀𐫠 (ʾnrʾnmʾq̈ /amranmaḳ/, “love”), a deverbal form with different suffixation. Seemingly used in the same way amraḳ is used, so is included here, although tentatively.
- ^ Occurs only once, in positive third person singular genitive case (with the suffix -ï.) Very fragmentary, only the second aleph (ܐ) in the word can be satisfactorily read. Read as given by Zieme (2015), and so included here.
- ^ Zieme, Peter (2015) Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, page 108
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “amraḳ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 14
- Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “(1) AMRAQ”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 42
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1, 2) amrak”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 43
- Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 102