𐽲𐽰𐽺
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽲𐽺 (qn /ḥan/) 𐽲𐽺𐽵 (qnx /ḳ[an]/) |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | 𐰴𐰣 (qn¹ /ḳan, ḥan/) 𐰴𐰣𐰣 (qn¹n¹ /ḥan/) |
| Manichaean script | 𐫃𐫀𐫗 (gʾn /ḥan/) 𐫞𐫀𐫗 (qʾn /ḳan/) 𐫄𐫀𐫗 (ɣʾn /ġan/) |
| Sogdian script | 𐼲𐼰𐼻 (qʾn /ḥan/) |
| Arabic script | قن (qn /ḳan/)[1] |
| Syriac script | ܚܐܢ (ḥʾn /ḥan/) ܟܐܢ (kʾn /ḳan, kan/) ܗܢ (hn /han, ḥan/) |
| Brahmi script | 𑀔𑀸𑀁 (khāṃ /ḳʰān/) 𑀓𑀸𑀁 (kāṃ /ḳān/) 𑀓𑀸𑀜𑁆 (kāñ /ḳāɲ/)[2] |
| Han script | 罕 (xanH /ḳan, ḥan/) 汗 (hanH /han, ḥan/) |
| ʼPhags-pa script | ꡢꡋ (qn /ḳan/) |
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kagan (“male ruler, khan”), see there for more.
Noun
𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qʾn /ḥan, ḳan/)
- (politics) Khan; king, ruler, emperor
- Synonym: 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /elig/)
- (religion) honorific title for minor deities
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qʾn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qʾnlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾnnynk) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾnlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰 (qʾnqʾ) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (qʾnlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (qʾnyq), 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (qʾnny) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qʾnlʾryq), 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qʾnlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (qʾntʾ) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qʾnlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾntyn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾnlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (qʾnyn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qʾnlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (qʾncʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qʾnqʾrw), 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽾𐽰 (qʾnrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qʾnlʾyw) |
Compound terms
Derived terms
Descendants
- →? Classical Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠨ (qan)
- Western Yugur: xan (/qʰan/, “Khan, ruler”) (historical)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kān (“blood”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰴𐰣 (qn¹ /qan/, “blood”) and Karakhanid قانْ (qān).
Noun
𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qʾn /ḳan/)
- (anatomy, zootomy) blood, one of the four bodily humors
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qʾn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qʾnlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾnnynk) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾnlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰 (qʾnqʾ) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (qʾnlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (qʾnyq), 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (qʾnny) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qʾnlʾryq), 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qʾnlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (qʾntʾ) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qʾnlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾntyn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾnlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (qʾnyn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qʾnlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (qʾncʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qʾnqʾrw), 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽾𐽰 (qʾnrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qʾnlʾyw) |
Compound terms
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽷𐽰𐽷 (qʾn ʾwtkʾk /ḳan ötgäj/, “dysentery”)
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽰𐽿𐽰𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qʾn qʾšʾnmʾq /ḳan ḳašan-/, “to urinate blood”)
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽳𐽻𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qʾn qwsmʾq /ḳan ḳus-/, “to vomit blood”)
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qʾn yyryn /ḳan yirin/, “a secretion of blood and pus”)
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽷 (qʾn swykmʾk /ḳan sökmäk/, “dysentery”)
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽹 (qʾn twmwrmʾqqʾ ʾm /ḳan tomurmaḳḳa em/, “remedy for nose-bleeding”)
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽶𐽸𐽷𐽳 𐽰𐽹 (qʾn tydkw ʾm /ḳan tïdġu em/, “remedy to clot blood”)
Derived terms
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽰𐽲 (qʾnʾq /ḳanaġ/, “blood transfusion”)
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qʾnʾmʾq /ḳana-/, “to bleed”)
- 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽶 (qʾncy /ḳančï/, “sanguisuge”)
Descendants
References
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḫan”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 81
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳan”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 164
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) han ~ h(a)n”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 277
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kan”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 327-328
- Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 76, 83