𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲

Old Uyghur

Orthographic variants
Uyghur script 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽲 (yʾrwq /⁠yaruḳ⁠/)
𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽲 (yʾrʾq /⁠yaraġ⁠/)
Orkhon script 𐰖𐰺𐰸 (y¹r¹q̊¹ /⁠yaroḳ⁠/)
Manichaean script 𐫏𐫡𐫇𐫠 (yrwq̈ /⁠yaroḳ⁠/)
𐫏𐫡𐫇𐫞 (yrwq /⁠yaroḳ⁠/)
Sogdian script 𐼷𐽀𐼰𐼴𐽆 (yrʾwq̣ /⁠yaruḳ, yaroḳ⁠/)
Arabic script یرق (yrq /⁠yaruḳ⁠/)
یروق (yrwq /⁠yaruḳ⁠/)
Syriac script ܝܐܪܘܚ (yʾrwx /⁠yaruḥ⁠/)
ܝܐܪܘܩ (yʾrwq /⁠yaruḳ⁠/)
Brahmi script 𑀬𑀸𑀭𑁄𑀖𑁆 (yārogh /⁠yāroḳ⁠/)[1]
𑀬𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀭𑁄𑀖𑁆 (yārrogh /⁠yārroḳ⁠/)[2]
𑀬𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀓𑁆 (yiryuk /⁠yirük⁠/)
Tibetan script ཡ་རིངྷ (ya.rigẖ /⁠yarïġ⁠/)
Han script 呀淥 (ngae.ljowk /⁠yaloḳ⁠/)

Etymology

By surface analysis, 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽲 (yʾrwmʾq /⁠yaru-⁠/, “to shine, to illuminate”) +‎ -𐽷 (-k /⁠-ḳ⁠/, deverbal suffix), from Proto-Turkic *yaru- (“to shine”).

Adjective

𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (yrwq /yaruḳ, yaroḳ/)

  1. illuminated, bright
    Synonyms: 𐽽𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽳𐽲 (cwqlwq /⁠čoġluġ⁠/), 𐽲𐽳𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽶𐽲 (qwntyqlyq /⁠ḳontïġlïġ⁠/), 𐽾𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽶 (rʾšmy /⁠rašmi⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽶𐽲 (yʾlynlyq /⁠yalïnlïġ⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽶𐽲 (yʾltryqlyq /⁠yaltrïḳlïġ⁠/), 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽳𐽲 (yrwqlwq /⁠yaruḳluġ⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽶𐽲 (yʾšyqlyq /⁠yašïḳlïġ⁠/)
    Antonyms: 𐽰𐽶𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾀 (ʾymyrt /⁠imirt, ïmïrt⁠/), 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳 (qʾrʾnkqw /⁠ḳaraŋġu⁠/), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (twynʾryk /⁠tünärig⁠/)
    𐾀𐽳𐾁𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽶 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾄𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽺
    twlw tʾkyrmy yʾrwq̈lwq tylkʾn
    /Tolu tägirmi yaruḳluġ tilgän./
    Aureola, halo.
    (literally, “Circular bright wheel.”)
  2. shiny, luminous
    Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾryq /⁠arïġ⁠/), 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽸𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰 (yyldyrqʾ /⁠yïldïrġa⁠/)

Noun

𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (yrwq /yaruḳ/)

  1. light
    Synonyms: 𐫀𐫡𐫎𐫍𐫇𐫢𐫎 (ʾrṯhwšṯ /⁠artuḥušt⁠/), 𐽰𐽶𐽿𐽳𐽲 (ʾyšwq /⁠ïšoḳ, ïšuḳ⁠/), 𐽾𐽳𐽿𐽺 (rwšn /⁠rošan⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽾𐽶𐽲 (yʾltryq /⁠yaltrïḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷 (yʾnk /⁠yaŋ⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽺 (yʾrwn /⁠yarun⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽳𐽲 (yʾšwq /⁠yašuḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳 (yw /⁠yo⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽰 (ywlʾ /⁠yula⁠/)
    • c. 10th-12th centuries, Wedding Blessing U7264.07-08 (lines 07-08, recto):[3][4]
      ܐܢܓܐܣܝ ܐܪܩܟܐ ܬܘܝܪܩܟܐ ܚܐܢܝܡ ܠܝܥ ܐܪܝܦ ܐܪܟܐܓܘ
      ܠܐܪ ܢܝܢܓ ܝܐܪܘܚܝ ܝܘܠܐܣܝ ܝܘܣܦ ܬܐܓ ܟܘܝܪܟܠܘܓ ܡܢܓܝܣ
      ʾngʾ sy ʾrqkʾ twyrqkʾ xʾnym lyʿ ʾryp ʾrkʾgw
      lʾr nyng yʾrwxy ywlʾ sy ywsp tʾg kwyrklwg mngys
      / […] [y]aŋasï ärkkä-türkkä ḳanïmlïġ ärip, Ärkägü[n]lärniŋ yaruḥï yulasï Yausep-täg körklüg mäŋis[lig] […] /
      […] being pleased, whilst holding power and strength, being as winsome and beautiful as Yausep, the light and shine of [us] Christians, […]
  2. reflection (of light)
    Synonym: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽰𐽷 (kwyznʾk /⁠köznäk⁠/)
  3. lamp, lantern
    Synonyms: 𐽽𐽳𐽲 (cwq /⁠čoġ⁠/), 𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽰𐽺 (tynkcʾn /⁠teŋčan⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽰 (ywlʾ /⁠yula⁠/)

Declension

Declension of 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲
singular definite plural
nominative 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (yrwq) 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (yrwqlʾr)
genitive 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yrwqnwnk) 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (yrwqlʾrnynk)
dative 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (yrwqqʾ) 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (yrwqlʾrqʾ)
accusative 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (yrwqwq), 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (yrwqny) 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (yrwqlʾryq), 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (yrwqlʾrny)
locative 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (yrwqtʾ) 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (yrwqlʾrtʾ)
ablative 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (yrwqtyn) 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (yrwqlʾrtyn)
instrumental 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (yrwqwn) 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (yrwqlʾryn)
equative 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (yrwqcʾ)
directive 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (yrwqqʾrw), 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (yrwqrʾ)
similative 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (yrwqlʾyw)

Compound terms

  • 𐫏𐫡𐫇𐫠 𐫎𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏 𐫏𐫏𐫡𐫏 (yrwq̈ ṯngry yyry /⁠yaruḳ teŋri yeri⁠/, “heaven”)
  • 𐫏𐫡𐫇𐫠 𐫏𐫀𐫓𐫀𐫁𐫀𐫝 𐫠𐫀𐫗𐫃 (yrwq̈ yʾlʾbʾc q̈ʾng /⁠Yaruḳ Yalavač Ḳaŋ⁠/, “Mani”)
  • 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 𐽲𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳 (yrwq qrʾnkqw /⁠yaruḳ-ḳaraŋġu⁠/, “light and darkness, yin-yang”)
  • 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽰 (yrwq ywlʾ /⁠yaruḳ yula⁠/, “light and shine, gleam; thing to be proud of”)

Derived terms

  • 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽳𐽲 (yrwqlwq /⁠yaruḳluḳ⁠/, “shining thing”)

Proper noun

𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (yrwq /Yaruḳ/)

  1. a male given name
    𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽽𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽻𐽶 ― yʾrwq̈ cʾnksy /Yaruḳ Čaŋ-sï/
    𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽽𐽳𐽾 ― yrwq̈ cwr /Yaruḳ Čor/
    𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽶𐽰 ― yrwqqyʾ /Yaruḳ-ḳya/

References

  1. ^ Attested as 𑀬𑀸𑀭𑁄𑀖𑀺𑀁 (yāroghiṃ /⁠yāroḳuṃ⁠/)
  2. ^ Attested as 𑀬𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀭𑁄𑀖𑀼𑀕𑁆 (yārroghug /⁠yārroḳuġ⁠/)
  3. ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u7264seite1.jpg
  4. ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Hochzeitssegen_uigurischer_Christen.htm (Referenz: T III Kurutka 1857 r07-r08)
  • Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “yaruḳ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 288
  • Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “yruḳ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 304
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(2) yaruk”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 962-963
  • Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “(I, II) JARUQ”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 244
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) y(a)ruk ~ yaruk”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 871-872
  • Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü‎[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 63
  • Zieme, Peter (2015) Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, pages 108, 109
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