Prakrit
Etymology 1
Inherited from Sanskrit ๐๐๐ข (ฤฬgata).
Adjective
๐๐
๐
(ฤaa) (Devanagari เคเค
เค
, Kannada เฒเฒ
เฒ
) (attested in Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, Jain Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ)
- came, arrived
Declension
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐
๐
(masculine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤao)
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Accusative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ (ฤaaแน)
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤae) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaeแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaeแนaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaehi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (ฤaehiแน)
|
| Dative
|
๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (ฤaฤhiแนto)
|
โ
|
| Genitive
|
๐๐
๐
๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (ฤaassa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaฤแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (ฤaammi) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤae)
|
๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ (ฤaesu) or ๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (ฤaesuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐๐
๐
(ฤaa) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐
๐ (feminine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Accusative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ (ฤaaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤe) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi) or ๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (ฤaฤhiแน)
|
| Dative
|
โ
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu)
|
๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (ฤaฤhiแนto)
|
| Genitive
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤe) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi) or ๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaฤแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤe) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi) or ๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ (ฤaฤsu) or ๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (ฤaฤsuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤae) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐
๐
(neuter)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ (ฤaaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐๐ (ฤaฤiแน) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi)
|
| Accusative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ (ฤaaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐๐ (ฤaฤiแน) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaeแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaeแนaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaehi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (ฤaehiแน)
|
| Dative
|
๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (ฤaฤhiแนto)
|
โ
|
| Genitive
|
๐๐
๐
๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (ฤaassa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaฤแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (ฤaammi) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤae)
|
๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ (ฤaesu) or ๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (ฤaesuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐๐
๐
(ฤaa) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
๐๐
๐๐๐ (ฤaฤiแน) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi)
|
- ๐๐
(ฤa), ๐๐๐
(ฤgaa), ๐๐๐ฌ (ฤgaya), ๐๐ฌ (ฤya)
Derived terms
- *๐๐
๐
-๐ฎ๐๐ฎ-๐
(*ฤaa-lla-a)
- Old Marathi:
- Modi script: ๐๐ฉ๐น
- Devanagari script: เคเคฒเฅ
- *๐๐
๐
-๐๐ฎ๐๐ฎ-๐
(*ฤaa-illa-a)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Sanskrit เคเคฏเคค (ฤyata).
Adjective
๐๐
๐
(ฤaa) (Devanagari เคเค
เค
, Kannada เฒเฒ
เฒ
) (attested in Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ)
- lengthened, stretched, extended
c. 200 CE โ 600 CE,
Hฤla,
Gฤhฤ Sattasaฤซ 394:
- ๐ซ๐ญ๐๐
๐ฒ๐ฝ๐๐ฏ๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐-๐ฏ ๐ซ๐๐ข๐๐ข๐บ๐
๐ ๐ง๐บ๐
๐ ๐๐
๐
๐๐๐๐ป๐ฏ๐
๐ซ๐๐ญ๐ ๐ง๐ธ๐๐ฒ๐
๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ข๐ก๐๐๐๐ฎ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐
๐
๐ฏ๐บ๐๐ค๐ผ๐- maragaasลซฤซviddhaแน-va mลttiaแน piaรฏ ฤaaggฤซvo
moro pฤusaaฤle taแนaggalaggaแน uaaviแนduแน
- 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
- In the rainy season, the peacock, stretching its long neck, pecks at the raindrop
That hangs on the tip of a grass blade like a pearl pierced by an emerald needle.
Declension
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐
๐
(masculine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤao)
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Accusative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ (ฤaaแน)
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤae) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaeแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaeแนaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaehi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (ฤaehiแน)
|
| Dative
|
๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (ฤaฤhiแนto)
|
โ
|
| Genitive
|
๐๐
๐
๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (ฤaassa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaฤแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (ฤaammi) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤae)
|
๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ (ฤaesu) or ๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (ฤaesuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐๐
๐
(ฤaa) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐
๐ (feminine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Accusative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ (ฤaaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤe) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi) or ๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (ฤaฤhiแน)
|
| Dative
|
โ
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu)
|
๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (ฤaฤhiแนto)
|
| Genitive
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤe) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi) or ๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaฤแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤe) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi) or ๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ (ฤaฤsu) or ๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (ฤaฤsuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐๐
๐ (ฤae) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐
๐
(neuter)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ (ฤaaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐๐ (ฤaฤiแน) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi)
|
| Accusative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ (ฤaaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐๐ (ฤaฤiแน) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi)
|
| Instrumental
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaeแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaeแนaแน)
|
๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaehi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (ฤaehiแน)
|
| Dative
|
๐๐
๐๐
(ฤaฤa)
|
โ
|
| Ablative
|
๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤo) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤu) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐๐
๐๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (ฤaฤhiแนto)
|
โ
|
| Genitive
|
๐๐
๐
๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (ฤaassa)
|
๐๐
๐๐ก (ฤaฤแนa) or ๐๐
๐๐ก๐ (ฤaฤแนaแน)
|
| Locative
|
๐๐
๐
๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (ฤaammi) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤae)
|
๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ (ฤaesu) or ๐๐
๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (ฤaesuแน)
|
| Vocative
|
๐๐
๐
(ฤaa) or ๐๐
๐ (ฤaฤ)
|
๐๐
๐๐๐ (ฤaฤiแน) or ๐๐
๐๐ (ฤaฤi)
|
Further reading
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ1928) โเคเค
เค
โ, in เคชเคพเคเค
-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแนแนavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 127, 129, 139
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985) โฤaaโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 47