๐๐ธ๐
Prakrit
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kwethโ-
Sanskrit เคเฅเคตเคฅเฅ (kvath)
Sanskrit เคเฅเคตเคพเคฅ (kvฤtha)
Prakrit ๐๐ธ๐ (kฤแธha)
Inherited from Sanskrit เคเฅเคตเคพเคฅ (kvฤthรก), with spontaneous retroflexion.[1]
Noun
๐๐ธ๐ (kฤแธha) m (Devanagari เคเคพเคข, Kannada เฒเฒพเฒข) (attested in Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, Mฤgadhฤซ) [2]
Declension
| Magadhi declension of ๐๐ธ๐ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธhe) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ (kฤแธhฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธhaแน) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธhe) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ก (kฤแธheแนa) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ก๐ (kฤแธheแนaแน) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ณ๐บ (kฤแธhehi) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (kฤแธhehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ (kฤแธhฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ค๐ (kฤแธhฤdo) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ข๐๐ข๐ (kฤแธhatto) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (kฤแธhฤhiแนto) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ค๐ผ (kฤแธhฤdu) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (kฤแธhฤhi) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ (kฤแธhฤ) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ข๐ (kฤแธhaลuแนto) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ข๐ (kฤแธheลuแนto) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (kฤแธhฤhiแนto) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (kฤแธhฤhi) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ณ๐บ (kฤแธhehi) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ (kฤแธhฤo) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ (kฤแธhฤu) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ข๐๐ข๐ (kฤแธhatto) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ค๐ (kฤแธhฤdo) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ค๐ผ (kฤแธhฤdu) |
| Genitive | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ฐ๐๐ฐ (kฤแธhaลลa) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ณ (kฤแธhฤha) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ก๐ (kฤแธhฤแนaแน) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ณ๐ (kฤแธhฤhaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธhe) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ณ๐บ (kฤแธhamhi) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (kฤแธhammi) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ฐ๐ผ (kฤแธheลu) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐ (kฤแธheลuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐ธ๐ (kฤแธha) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธhe) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ (kฤแธhฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐ธ๐ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธho) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ (kฤแธhฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธhaแน) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธhe) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ (kฤแธhฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ก (kฤแธheแนa) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ก๐ (kฤแธheแนaแน) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ณ๐บ (kฤแธhehi) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (kฤแธhehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ (kฤแธhฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ (kฤแธhฤo) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ (kฤแธhฤu) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ (kฤแธhฤ) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (kฤแธhฤhi) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (kฤแธhฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (kฤแธhassa) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ก (kฤแธhฤแนa) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐ก๐ (kฤแธhฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (kฤแธhammi) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ (kฤแธhe) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (kฤแธhesu) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (kฤแธhesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐ธ๐ (kฤแธha) or ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ (kฤแธhฤ) | ๐๐ธ๐ ๐ธ (kฤแธhฤ) |
Related terms
- ๐๐ ๐ (kaแธhaรฏ, โto decoct, boilโ)
Descendants
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: เคเคพเคขเคผเคพ (kฤแนhฤ)
- Urdu: ฺฉุงฺฺพุง (kฤแนhฤ)
- Hindustani:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Maithili:
- Devanagari script: เคเคพเคขเคผเคพ (kฤแนhฤ)
- Tirhuta script: ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฐ (kฤแนhฤ)
- Maithili:
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: เจเจพเฉเฉเจนเจพ (kฤแนhฤ)
- Shahmukhi script: ฺฉุงฺฺพุง (kฤแนhฤ)
- Sindhi:
- Arabic script: ฺชุงฺูู (kฤแนho)
- Devanagari script: เคเคพเคขเคผเฅ (kฤแนho)
- Punjabi:
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: เคเคพเคขเคพ (kฤแธhฤ)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: เชเชพเชขเซ (kฤแธho)
- Marwari: เคเคพเคขเฅ (kฤแธhau)
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985) โkvฤthรกโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 188
- ^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ1928) โเคเคพเคขโ, in เคชเคพเคเค -เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแนแนavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].