Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit निर्मल (nirmala). Cognate with Pali nimmala.
Adjective
𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) (Devanagari णिम्मल, Kannada ಣಿಮ್ಮಲ) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī)
- clear, spotless, clean, pure
c. 200 CE – 600 CE,
Hāla,
Gāhā Sattasaī 4:
- 𑀉𑀅 𑀡𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀮-𑀡𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁𑀤𑀸 𑀪𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀡𑀻-𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀇 𑀯𑀮𑀸𑀆
𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮-𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅-𑀪𑀸𑀅𑀡-𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀆-𑀲𑀁𑀔𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺-𑀯𑁆𑀯- ua ṇiccala-ṇipphaṃdā bhisiṇī-vattammi rehaï valāā
ṇimmala-maragaa-bhāaṇa-pariṭṭhiā-saṃkhasutti-vva
- 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
- On the lotus leaf, it is just like mother of pearl,
In a setting of spotless emerald.
Declension
| Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (masculine)
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singular
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plural
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| Nominative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁄 (ṇimmalo)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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| Accusative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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| Instrumental
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡 (ṇimmaleṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmaleṇaṃ)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalehiṃ)
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| Dative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa)
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—
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| Ablative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto)
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—
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| Genitive
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇimmalassa)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ)
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| Locative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇimmalammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalesuṃ)
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| Vocative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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| Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (feminine)
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singular
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plural
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| Nominative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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| Accusative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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| Instrumental
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalāhiṃ)
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| Dative
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—
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—
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| Ablative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto)
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| Genitive
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ)
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| Locative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalāsu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalāsuṃ)
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| Vocative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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| Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (neuter)
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singular
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plural
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| Nominative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi)
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| Accusative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi)
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| Instrumental
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡 (ṇimmaleṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmaleṇaṃ)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalehiṃ)
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| Dative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa)
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—
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| Ablative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto)
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—
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| Genitive
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇimmalassa)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ)
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| Locative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇimmalammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalesuṃ)
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| Vocative
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
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𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi)
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Descendants
- Hindustani: nīman
- Hindi: नीमन
- Urdu: نِیمَن (nīman)
- Maithili: niman
- Devanagari script: निमन
- Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒱𑒧𑒢
- Marathi: निव्वळ (nivvaḷ)
- ⇒ Old Marathi:
- Devanagari script: निवळणे (nivaḷaṇe)
- Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘪𑘯𑘜𑘹 (nīvaḷaṇe)
- Sinhalese: නිමල (nimala), නිමල් (nimal)
References
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 114
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “णिम्मल”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 403.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 103.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ṇimmala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 417