𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek-

Proto-Indo-European *-seti

Proto-Indo-European *h₂lékseti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati

Sanskrit रक्ष॑ति (rákṣati)

Prakrit 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (rakkhaï)

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀢𑀺 (rákṣati).^[1] Cognate to Pali rakkhati.

Verb

𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (rakkhaï) (Devanagari रक्खइ, Kannada ರಕ್ಖಇ) (transitive) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī) ^[2]^[3]

to guard, protect
- c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 38:
  𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀆𑀇𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀡𑁄 𑀤𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀙𑀸𑀇𑀁 𑀧𑀇𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁𑀢𑀻
  𑀡𑀺𑀅𑀯𑀁𑀥𑀯𑀸𑀡 𑀚𑀽𑀭𑀇 𑀖𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀻 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀯𑁂𑀡 𑀏𑀁𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁
  ahiāimāṇiṇo duggaassa chāiṃ païssa rakkhaṃtī
  ṇiavaṃdhavāṇa jūraï ghariṇī vihaveṇa eṃtāṇaṃ
  2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
  Protecting the self-image of her husband, who is poor but proud of his breeding,
  The wife scorns her own relatives as they arrive with rich presents.

Descendants

Apabhramsa: 𑖨𑖎𑖿𑖏𑖂 (rakkhaï)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Old Hindi: रषना (raṣanā /⁠rakhanā⁠/)
  - Hindustani: rakhnā
    Hindi: रखना
    
    Urdu: رَکْھنَا
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Assamese: ৰখা (rokha), ৰাখা (rakha)
  - Middle Bengali: রাখ (rakh)
    - Bengali: রাখা (rakha)
    - Sylheti: ꠞꠣꠈꠣ (raxá)
- Bihari:
  - Magahi: 𑂩𑂰𑂎𑂪 (rākhal)
  - Maithili: rākhab
    Devanagari script: राखब
    
    Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒰𑒐𑒥
- Odia: ରଖିବା (rakhibā)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Sinhalese: රකිනවා (rakinawā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: राख्नु (rākhnu)
- Western Pahari:
  - Dogri: rakkhanā
    Devanagari script: रक्खना
    
    Dogra script: 𑠤𑠊𑠹𑠋𑠝𑠬
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Old Punjabi: ਰਖਿ (rakhi /⁠rakkhi⁠/), ਰਾਖਿ (rākhi)
  - Punjabi: rakkhaṇā
    Gurmukhi script: ਰੱਖਣਾ
    
    Shahmukhi script: رَکّھݨا
- Saraiki:
  Devanagari script: रखण (rakhaṇ)
  
  Shahmukhi script: رَکَھݨ (rakhaṇ)
  
  Multani script: 𑊢𑊅𑊕 (rkhṇ /⁠rakhaṇ⁠/)
- Sindhi: rakhaṇu
  Arabic script: رَکَڻُ
  
  Devanagari script: रखणु
  
  Khudabadi script: 𑋙𑊻𑋌𑋣
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Konkani:
  Devanagari script: राख्चे (rākhce)
  
  Latin script: rakhche
  
  Kannada script: ರಾಕ್ಚೆ
- Old Marathi:
  Devanagari script: राकणे (rākaṇe), राखणे (rākhaṇe)
  Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘜𑘹 (rākhaṇe), 𑘨𑘰𑘎𑘜𑘹 (rākaṇe)
  - Marathi: rākhṇe
    Devanagari script: राखणे
    Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘜𑘹
  - Varhadi: rākhna
    Devanagari script: राखनं
    Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘡𑘽
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Old Gujarati: राषिवउं (rāṣivaüṃ /⁠rākhivaüṃ⁠/)
  - Middle Gujarati: राखिवुं (rākhivũ)
    - Gujarati: રાખવું (rākhvũ)
  - Rajasthani:
    - Gojri: رَکْھنو (rakhno)
    - Malvi: राखणो (rākhṇo)
    - Marwari:
      Devanagari script: राखणौ (rākhṇau)
      Mahajani script: 𑅭𑅖𑅢𑅒 (rkhṇu /⁠rākhṇau⁠/)
    - Mewati: राखणो (rākhṇo)
- Romani: rakhel, arakhel

References

More information

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rákṣati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 611: “Pk. rakkhaï”
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “रक्ख”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 703.
^ Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 332

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rákṣati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 611: “Pk. rakkhaï”

[2] Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “रक्ख”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 703.

[3] Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 332

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