Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀼 (sādhu). Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀰𑀸𑀳𑀼 (śāhu), Pali sādhu.
Adjective
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu) (Devanagari साहु, Gujarati સાહુ, Kannada ಸಾಹು) (attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
- good, virtuous
Declension
| Maharastri declension of 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (masculine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑁄 (sāhuṇo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀑 (sāhūo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀑 (sāhao) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀉 (sāhaü)
|
| Accusative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀁 (sāhuṃ)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑁄 (sāhuṇo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
| Instrumental
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀸 (sāhuṇā)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀳𑀺 (sāhūhi) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁 (sāhūhiṃ)
|
| Dative
|
—
|
—
|
| Ablative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀑 (sāhūo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀉 (sāhūu)
|
—
|
| Genitive
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑁄 (sāhuṇo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sāhussa)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡 (sāhūṇa) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡𑀁 (sāhūṇaṃ)
|
| Locative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (sāhummi)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀲𑀼 (sāhūsu) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀲𑀼𑀁 (sāhūsuṃ)
|
| Vocative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
—
|
| Maharastri declension of 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈 (feminine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈 (sāhuī)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀑 (sāhuīo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈 (sāhuī)
|
| Accusative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀇𑀁 (sāhuiṃ)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀑 (sāhuīo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈 (sāhuī)
|
| Instrumental
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀏 (sāhuīe)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀳𑀺 (sāhuīhi) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀳𑀺𑀁 (sāhuīhiṃ)
|
| Dative
|
—
|
—
|
| Ablative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀑 (sāhuīo)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (sāhuīhiṃto)
|
| Genitive
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀏 (sāhuīe)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀡 (sāhuīṇa) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀡𑀁 (sāhuīṇaṃ)
|
| Locative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀏 (sāhuīe)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀲𑀼 (sāhuīsu) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀲𑀼𑀁 (sāhuīsuṃ)
|
| Vocative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀇 (sāhui) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈 (sāhuī)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈𑀑 (sāhuīo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈 (sāhuī)
|
| Maharastri declension of 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (neuter)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀁 (sāhuṃ) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀇𑀁 (sāhūiṃ) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡𑀺 (sāhūṇi) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
| Accusative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀁 (sāhuṃ) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀇𑀁 (sāhūiṃ) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡𑀺 (sāhūṇi) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
| Instrumental
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀸 (sāhuṇā)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀳𑀺 (sāhūhi) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁 (sāhūhiṃ)
|
| Dative
|
—
|
—
|
| Ablative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀑 (sāhūo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀉 (sāhūu)
|
—
|
| Genitive
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑁄 (sāhuṇo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sāhussa)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡 (sāhūṇa) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡𑀁 (sāhūṇaṃ)
|
| Locative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (sāhummi)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀲𑀼 (sāhūsu) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀲𑀼𑀁 (sāhūsuṃ)
|
| Vocative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀇𑀁 (sāhūiṃ) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡𑀺 (sāhūṇi) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
Noun
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu) m (Devanagari साहु, Gujarati સાહુ, Kannada ಸಾಹು, feminine 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀈) (attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
- (Hinduism) a sadhu
- a good person
Declension
| Maharastri declension of 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (masculine)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| Nominative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑁄 (sāhuṇo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀑 (sāhūo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀑 (sāhao) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀉 (sāhaü)
|
| Accusative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀁 (sāhuṃ)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑁄 (sāhuṇo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
| Instrumental
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀸 (sāhuṇā)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀳𑀺 (sāhūhi) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀳𑀺𑀁 (sāhūhiṃ)
|
| Dative
|
—
|
—
|
| Ablative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀑 (sāhūo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀉 (sāhūu)
|
—
|
| Genitive
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀡𑁄 (sāhuṇo) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sāhussa)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡 (sāhūṇa) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀡𑀁 (sāhūṇaṃ)
|
| Locative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (sāhummi)
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀲𑀼 (sāhūsu) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽𑀲𑀼𑀁 (sāhūsuṃ)
|
| Vocative
|
𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu) or 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀽 (sāhū)
|
—
|
Descendants
- Hindustani: sāh, sāhū
- Hindi: साह, साहू
- Urdu: صاح (sāh), ساہُو (sāhū)
- Marathi: साव (sāv)
- Nepali: साहू (sāhū)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਊ (sāū)
- Shahmukhi script: ساؤُ (sāū)
- Sindhi:
- Arabic script: سَائُو
- Devanagari script: साऊ
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sāhu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 770
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 84.
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 266, 267, 269
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “साहु”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 897.