𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻𐾅 (ʾwlws̤ /uluš/) 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻 (ʾwlws /ulus/)[1] 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 (ʾwlwq /ulu[š]/) |
|---|---|
| Manichaean script | 𐫀𐫇𐫓𐫇𐫢 (ʾwlwš /uluš/) |
| Sogdian script | 𐼰𐼴𐼹𐼰𐼴𐽁 (ʾwlʾwš /uluš/) |
| Arabic script | اولوس (ʾwlws /ulus, uluš/) |
| Syriac script | ܐܘܠܘܫ (ʾwlwš /uluš/) ܘܠܘܫ (wlwš /uluš/)[2] |
| Brahmi script | *𑀊𑀮𑀽𑀱𑁆 (*ūlūṣ /ūlūš/)[3] |
| Han script | 兀祿思 (ngwot.luwk.si /olus/) |
| ʼPhags-pa script | ꡡ ꡙꡟ ꡛ (o.lu.s /ulus/) |
Etymology
By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwylmʾk /ül-/, “to share, to allot”) + -𐽶𐽿 (-yš /-uš/), derived from Proto-Turkic *üle-. Compare Western Yugur ulis (“allotment, personal garden, region”), similarly from uliɣi (uli-, “to share, to separate, to allot”).
Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰆𐰞𐱁 (ul¹š /uluš/) and Karakhanid اُلُشْ (/uluš/, “village, city”).
Noun
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 (ʾwlwš /uluš/)
- (politics) country, realm, nation
- Synonyms: 𐽰𐽶𐾁 (ʾyl /el/), 𐽷𐽳𐽷 (kwk /kuk, kük/), 𐽲𐽳𐽳 (qww /ḳuu, ḳuwü/)
- c. early 9th century, Sogdian Buddhist narrative text:[4][5]
- 𐼸 […] 𐼰𐼴𐼾𐼴 𐼷𐼴𐼸𐼰𐽀𐼷 𐼸𐼻𐽂𐼴 𐼰𐼴𐼹𐼰𐼴𐽁 𐼰𐼻𐽂𐽀𐼷𐼱
𐼼 𐼸𐼻𐽂𐼸𐼰 𐼸𐼹𐽂𐼷 𐽁𐼻𐼾𐼰𐼴𐼱𐼷𐼾𐼰𐼲𐽆𐼷 𐼷𐼹𐼻𐼸𐼰𐼴𐼲𐽆- k […] ʾwpw ywkʾrdy kntw ʾwlʾwš ʾntryβ
s kntkʾ klty cnpʾwdβypdʾq̣y ylnkʾwq̣ - / […] -upu? yügürdi, käntü uluš Antrivas käntkä kälti. Čanbudvipdaḳï yalaŋoḳ […] /
- […] [they] ran [towards there], going back to their own country, to the city of Andhraviṣaya. The people in Jambudvīpa [were] […]
- k […] ʾwpw ywkʾrdy kntw ʾwlʾwš ʾntryβ
- 𐼸 […] 𐼰𐼴𐼾𐼴 𐼷𐼴𐼸𐼰𐽀𐼷 𐼸𐼻𐽂𐼴 𐼰𐼴𐼹𐼰𐼴𐽁 𐼰𐼻𐽂𐽀𐼷𐼱
- c. 12th century, Tägirmänči Šäbi-kyä (ܬܟܝܪܡܢܨܝ ܫܦܝ ܟܝܐ), Treatise on god and devil U3890.v13-14:[6]
- ܠܬܐ ܝܐܢܡܐܚܝܢܓ ܐܝܓ […] ܢ ܐܡܝܫܓܝ ܦܘ ܐܘܠܘܫܬܐ ܬܝܟܝܢܓܐ ܐܘܫܐ
ܦܘ ܣܐܢܢܓ ܐܢܐܢܓ ܝܫܘܥ ܩܐܢܓ ܐܘܠ ܐܘܠܘܫ ܬܐ ܬܝܟܝ ܐܘܝܠܘܪܬܝܠܐܪ- ltʾ yʾnmʾḥyng ʾyg […] n ʾmyšgy pw ʾwlwštʾ tykyngʾ ʾwš
pw sʾnng ʾnʾng yšwʿ qʾng ʾwl ʾwlwš tʾ tkyk ʾwylwrtylʾr - / […] -lta? yanmaḥïŋ […] ämišgi? bo ulušta, teginkä uša? bo sän[i]ŋ anaŋ, İšua Ḳaŋ, [ol] ulušta teki ölürtilär./
- […] in this kingdom [of God], to the prince […] [even] your mother, [and] [our] father Jesus, even in this kingdom they were killed.
- ltʾ yʾnmʾḥyng ʾyg […] n ʾmyšgy pw ʾwlwštʾ tykyngʾ ʾwš
- ܠܬܐ ܝܐܢܡܐܚܝܢܓ ܐܝܓ […] ܢ ܐܡܝܫܓܝ ܦܘ ܐܘܠܘܫܬܐ ܬܝܟܝܢܓܐ ܐܘܫܐ
- (figurative, rare) the world, the Earth
- Synonyms: 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yyr /yer/), 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 (yyrtyncw /yertinčü/)
- 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 𐾀𐽰 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽹𐽶𐽴 𐾈
- mʾnkylyk ʾwlwš tʾ yʾšʾdymyz
- /Mäŋilig ulušta yašadïmïz./
- We [once] lived in a joyful world.
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 (ʾwlwš) | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwlwšlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwlwšnwnk) | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwlwšlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽲𐽰 (ʾwlwšqʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾwlwšlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽳𐽲 (ʾwlwšwq), 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽺𐽶 (ʾwlwšny) | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwlwšlʾryq), 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwlwšlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽰 (ʾwlwštʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwlwšlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwlwštyn) | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwlwšlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽳𐽺 (ʾwlwšwn) | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwlwšlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽽𐽰 (ʾwlwšcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwlwšqʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽾𐽰 (ʾwlwšrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwlwšlʾyw) |
Compound terms
Derived terms
Descendants
- →? Middle Mongol: ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus)
- → Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻 (ʾwlws /ulus/) (reborrowing)
- Western Yugur: ulis (“allotment, personal garden, region”)
- → Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻 (ʾwlws /ulus/) (reborrowing)
References
- ^ Reborrowing from Mongolic.
- ^ Attested with first letter torn off.
- ^ Attested as 𑀮𑀽𑀮𑀽 (lūlū /[é]l ulu[š]/, “land and country”), with the final letter torn off from the foilo.
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0193_seite2.jpg (Only a tiny sliver of this fragment survives.)
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Altt%C3%BCrkische_Text_in_sogdischer_Schrift.htm (Referenz: Sogd222-223)
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u3890seite2.jpg
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “uluş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 265
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “uluş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 152-153
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “uluš”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 797
- Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 64
- Zieme, Peter (2015) Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, page 127