-вш

From Proto-Slavic *-vъšь, past active participle ending. The element -ш (-š) is also found in the old comparative forms of adjectives.

• IPA^(key): [-fʃ]

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-вш • (-vš)

1. (dated, obsolete) Deverbal from athematic verbs expressing a resultant or a quality induced by a past activity:

   бим (bim)/би́да (bída, “to be, to become”) → бивш (bivš, “former”)

   дам (dam)/да́да (dáda, “to give”) → давш (davš, “grant”) (dated) → да́шен (dášen, “generous”)

   ям (jam)/яда (jada, “to eat”) → ядш (jadš), явш (javš, “fed”) (dated) → я́шен (jášen, “epicure”)

   съзнам (sǎznam)/съзная (sǎznaja, “to realize”) → съзнавш (sǎznavš, “realized, recognized”) (dated)

2. (dated, obsolete) Deverbal from simple thematic verbs expressing a resultant or a quality induced by a past activity:

   обви́я (obvíja, “to wrap, to envelop”) → оби́вш (obívš) (obsolete) → любвеоби́в (ljubveobív, “loving”) (literally: “surrounding with love”)

   мра (mra, “to die”) → мървш (mǎrvš) (obsolete) → мъ́рша (mǎ́rša, “carcass, carrion”) (literally: “dead flesh”)

   скри́я (skríja, “to hide”) → скривш (skrivš) (obsolete) → скри́шен (skríšen, “secret”)

   зе́я (zéja, “to gape”) → зевш (zevš) (obsolete) → зев (zev, “oral cavity, gullet”)

In Modern Bulgarian, the derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as normal adjectives. The past active participle construction has been lost.

• -в (-v) — regular, without emphatic -ш
• -ш (-š) — 0-grade suffix

• -шен (-šen)
• -вост (-vost)

• -авш (-avš), -ав (-av)
• -ивш (-ivš), -ив (-iv)
• -евш (-evš), -ев (-ev)
• -явш (-javš), -яв (-jav)

• St. Stoyanov (1983) “Прилагателни имена от причастия”, in Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език, volume 2, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 150