-де
See also: Appendix:Variations of "de"
Kazakh
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *-de. Cognate with Kyrgyz -де (-de), Southern Altai -де (-de), Turkish -de.
Suffix
-де • (-de)
- in, on, at (Denotes locative case)
- көл (köl, “a lake”) + -де (-de) → көлге (kölge, “to a lake”)
- (with -ген (-gen)) when
- Мен келгенде сен жоқ едің ― Men kelgende sen joq edıñ ― When I arrived, you were not there.
Usage notes
This suffix has special endings -нда/-нде, when the third person possessive suffix is added
- беті + -нде = бетінде (at his/her face)
See also
- -сі (-sı, “third-person possessive suffix”)
- -ні (-nı, “accusative case”)
- -нің (-nıñ, “genitive case”)
- -ге (-ge, “dative case”)
- -ден (-den, “ablative case”)
- -мен (-men, “instrumental case”)
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dʲe]
Particle
-де • (-de)
- (slang) Used to indicate a shift in the speaker