-ᛃᚨᛉ

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-jaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Latin -ius, Ancient Greek -ιος (-ios), Sanskrit -य (-ya).

-ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ)

2. nominal suffix denoting origin or descent

   *ᚺᛟᛚᛏᚨ (*holta, “wood, Holt”) + -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ) > ᚺᛟᛚᛏᛁᛃᚨᛉ (holtijaʀ, “the one from the wood/the descendant of Holt”)

• Following a short stem, which consists of a short vowel followed by a single consonant, the suffix remains -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ), but following a long stem, which has either a long vowel or diphthong, or a short vowel followed by several consonants it becomes -ᛁᛃᚨᛉ (-ijaʀ). This phenomenon is called Sievers's law.

The agent noun suffix -ᚨᛉ (-aʀ) when found after class 1 weak verbs.

-ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ)

2. used to create agent nouns from class 1 weak verbs

   ‎*ᚱᚨᚢᚾᛁᛃᚨᚾ (*raunijan, “to test”) + ‎-ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ) → ‎ᚱᚨᚢᚾᛁᛃᚨᛉ (raunijaʀ, “tester”)

• Old Norse: -ir