-isso
Latin
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō), possibly via a variant -ίσσω that existed in the dialect of Tarentum in Southern Italy (as in σαλπίσσω, λακτίσσω).[1] The same Greek suffix was later borrowed as -izō.
Suffix
-issō (present infinitive -issāre, perfect active -issāvī, supine -issātum); first conjugation
- Used to form similative verbs from nouns and adjectives.
Usage notes
- This form of the suffix occurs mainly in the comedies of Plautus, written at a time before the use of the letter Z in Latin words loaned from Greek was firmly established. In later time periods, the usual spelling became -izō (a variant -idiō also developed).[2]
Conjugation
Conjugation of -issō (first conjugation)
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | -issō | -issās | -issat | -issāmus | -issātis | -issant | ||||||
| imperfect | -issābam | -issābās | -issābat | -issābāmus | -issābātis | -issābant | |||||||
| future | -issābō | -issābis | -issābit | -issābimus | -issābitis | -issābunt | |||||||
| perfect | -issāvī | -issāvistī | -issāvit | -issāvimus | -issāvistis | -issāvērunt, -issāvēre | |||||||
| pluperfect | -issāveram | -issāverās | -issāverat | -issāverāmus | -issāverātis | -issāverant | |||||||
| future perfect | -issāverō | -issāveris | -issāverit | -issāverimus | -issāveritis | -issāverint | |||||||
| passive | present | -issor | -issāris, -issāre |
-issātur | -issāmur | -issāminī | -issantur | ||||||
| imperfect | -issābar | -issābāris, -issābāre |
-issābātur | -issābāmur | -issābāminī | -issābantur | |||||||
| future | -issābor | -issāberis, -issābere |
-issābitur | -issābimur | -issābiminī | -issābuntur | |||||||
| perfect | -issātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | -issātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| future perfect | -issātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | -issem | -issēs | -isset | -issēmus | -issētis | -issent | ||||||
| imperfect | -issārem | -issārēs | -issāret | -issārēmus | -issārētis | -issārent | |||||||
| perfect | -issāverim | -issāverīs | -issāverit | -issāverīmus | -issāverītis | -issāverint | |||||||
| pluperfect | -issāvissem | -issāvissēs | -issāvisset | -issāvissēmus | -issāvissētis | -issāvissent | |||||||
| passive | present | -isser | -issēris, -issēre |
-issētur | -issēmur | -issēminī | -issentur | ||||||
| imperfect | -issārer | -issārēris, -issārēre |
-issārētur | -issārēmur | -issārēminī | -issārentur | |||||||
| perfect | -issātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | -issātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | -issā | — | — | -issāte | — | ||||||
| future | — | -issātō | -issātō | — | -issātōte | -issantō | |||||||
| passive | present | — | -issāre | — | — | -issāminī | — | ||||||
| future | — | -issātor | -issātor | — | — | -issantor | |||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | -issāre | -issārī, -issārier1 |
-issāns | — | |||||||||
| future | -issātūrum esse | -issātum īrī | -issātūrus | -issandus | |||||||||
| perfect | -issāvisse | -issātum esse | — | -issātus | |||||||||
| future perfect | — | -issātum fore | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | -issātūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| -issandī | -issandō | -issandum | -issandō | -issātum | -issātū | ||||||||
1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
References
- ^ Hartmut Haberland (2019) “On the limits of etymology”, in Acta Linguistica Hafniensia: International Journal of Linguistics[1], volume 51, number 1, page 9
- ^ Olivia Claire Cockburn (2010) “The use of the Latin-izare (-issare ,-idiare ) suffix in early Christian literature”, in Revista de Estudios Latinos, volume 10, pages 108-109