English
Etymology
From Russian Байка́л (Bajkál, “Baikal”), from Buryat Байгал нуур (Bajgal nuur, “Lake Baikal”), perhaps ultimately from the Turkic *bāy (“rich”), and *köl, *kȫl (“lake”),[1][2] with reference to the abundance of high-quality salmon in the lake. The Turkic origin is rejected by Vasmer.[3] Native Mongolic origins have also been proposed.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /baɪˈkæl/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˌbaɪˈkɑːl/
Proper noun
Baikal
- A large freshwater lake in Siberia, Russia.
[1767, Annual register, or a view of the history and politics and literature for the year[2], page 38, column 2:Of the Mongall Tartars.
The Mongalls are a numerous people, and occupy a large extent of country, from this place to the Kallgan, which ſignifies the everlaſting Wall, or the great wall of China. From this wall they ſtretch themſelves northward as far as the river Amoor; and from the Amoor, weſtward, to the Baykail ſea ; where they border with the territories of the Kontayſha, or prince of the black Kalmucks. On the fouth, they are bounded by a nation called Tonguts, among whom the Delay Lama has his residence.]
- Baikal (Soviet and Russian non-alcoholic beverage)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
a large lake in Russia
- Afrikaans: Baikalmeer
- Albanian: Liqeni i Bajkalit
- Amharic: ባይካል ሐይቅ (baykal ḥäyḳ)
- Arabic: بَايْكَال m (baykāl), بُحَيْرَة بَايْكَال f (buḥayra(t) bāykāl)
- Armenian: Բայկալ (hy) (Baykal)
- Azerbaijani: Baygöl, Baykal (az)
- Basque: Baikal
- Belarusian: Байка́л m (Bajkál)
- Bengali: বৈকাল হ্রদ (bōikal hrod)
- Breton: Lenn Baikal m
- Bulgarian: Байка́л m (Bajkál)
- Burmese: ဘိုင်ကယ်အိုင် (bhuingkaiuing)
- Buryat: Байгал нуур (Bajgal nuur)
- Catalan: Baikal m
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 貝加爾湖 / 贝加尔湖 (zh) (Bèijiā'ěr Hú)
- Czech: Bajkal (cs) m
- Danish: Bajkalsøen
- Dutch: Baikalmeer n, Bajkalmeer n
- Esperanto: Bajkalo
- Estonian: Baikali järv, Baikal (et)
- Finnish: Baikaljärvi, Baikal
- French: Baïkal (fr) m, lac Baïkal (fr) m
- Galician: lago Baikal m
- Georgian: ბაიკალი (baiḳali)
- German: Baikalsee (de) m, Baikal (de) m
- Greek: Βαϊκάλη (el) f (Vaïkáli)
- Hebrew: ימת באיקל f (yamát báykal)
- Hindi: बैकाल (baikāl), बयकाल झील (baykāl jhīl)
- Hungarian: Bajkál, Bajkál-tó (hu)
- Icelandic: Bajkalvatn n
- Ido: Baikal
- Indonesian: Danau Baikal
- Irish: Loch Baikal m
- Italian: lago Bajkal m, Bajkal m
- Japanese: バイカル (Baikaru)
- Javanese: Tlaga Baikal
- Kannada: ಬೈಕಲ್ ಸರೋವರ (baikal sarōvara)
- Kazakh: Байкөл (Baiköl)
- Khmer: បឹងបៃកាល់ (bəŋ baykal)
- Korean: 바이칼 (Baikal), 바이깔 (Baikkal) (North Korea)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: Baykal (ku) f
- Kyrgyz: Байкал (Baykal), Байкал көлү (Baykal kölü)
- Latvian: Baikāls m
- Lithuanian: Baikalo ežeras m, Baikalas m
- Macedonian: Бајка́л m (Bajkál)
- Malay: Tasik Baikal
- Malayalam: ബൈകാൽ (baikāl), ബൈകാൽ തടാകം (baikāl taṭākaṁ)
- Manchu: ᠪᠠᡳ᠌ᡥᠠᠯ (baihal)
- Marathi: बैकाल सरोवर (baikāl sarovar)
- Mongolian: Байгал нуур (Bajgal nuur)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: Bajkalsjøen m
- Nynorsk: Bajkalsjøen m
- Persian: دریاچه بایکال (daryâče-ye bâykâl)
- Polish: Bajkał (pl) m
- Portuguese: Baikal m, Baical m, Lago Baikal m, Lago Baical m
- Punjabi: ਬਾਈਕਾਲ ਝੀਲ (bāīkāl jhīl)
- Romanian: Baikal n, Lacul Baikal n
- Russian: Байка́л (ru) m (Bajkál)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: Бајкал m
- Roman: Bajkal (sh) m
- Slovak: Bajkal m, Bajkalské jazero n
- Slovene: Bajkalsko jezero (sl) n
- Spanish: lago Baikal m, Baikal m
- Swedish: Bajkalsjön c
- Tagalog: Lawa ng Baikal
- Tajik: Байкал (Baykal)
- Tamil: பைக்கால் ஏரி (paikkāl ēri)
- Telugu: బైకలు (te) (baikalu), బైకల్ సరస్సు (baikal sarassu)
- Thai: ทะเลสาบไบคาล (tá-lee-sàap bai-kaal)
- Turkish: Baykal (tr), Baykal gölü
- Turkmen: Baýkal
- Ukrainian: Байка́л m (Bajkál)
- Uyghur: بايقال (bayqal), بايقال كۆلى (bayqal köli)
- Uzbek: Baykal
- Vietnamese: hồ Baikal, hồ Bai-can
- Welsh: Llyn Baikal m
- West Frisian: Baikalmar
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See also
References
- ^ Krech, Shepard (2003) Encyclopedia of World Environmental History: F-N[1], Routledge, page 745
- ^ Janhunen (1996, 139-41), in: Maria Magdolna Tatár, Köl "lake, flood, source, moor" in Northem Mongolian Hydronyms. Turcological Letters to Bernt Brendemoen, The Institute for Comparative Researchin Human Culture, Oslo 2009. p.329.
- ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “Байкал”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Finnish
Etymology
From Russian Байка́л (Bajkál).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɑi̯kɑl/, [ˈbɑ̝i̯kɑ̝l]
- Rhymes: -ɑikɑl
- Syllabification(key): Bai‧kal
- Hyphenation(key): Bai‧kal
Proper noun
Baikal
- Baikal (lake)
Declension
Inflection of Baikal (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
|
nominative
|
Baikal
|
—
|
genitive
|
Baikalin
|
—
|
partitive
|
Baikalia
|
—
|
illative
|
Baikaliin
|
—
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
Baikal
|
—
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
Baikal
|
—
|
gen.
|
Baikalin
|
genitive
|
Baikalin
|
—
|
partitive
|
Baikalia
|
—
|
inessive
|
Baikalissa
|
—
|
elative
|
Baikalista
|
—
|
illative
|
Baikaliin
|
—
|
adessive
|
Baikalilla
|
—
|
ablative
|
Baikalilta
|
—
|
allative
|
Baikalille
|
—
|
essive
|
Baikalina
|
—
|
translative
|
Baikaliksi
|
—
|
abessive
|
Baikalitta
|
—
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
first-person singular possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
Baikalini
|
—
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
Baikalini
|
—
|
gen.
|
Baikalini
|
genitive
|
Baikalini
|
—
|
partitive
|
Baikaliani
|
—
|
inessive
|
Baikalissani
|
—
|
elative
|
Baikalistani
|
—
|
illative
|
Baikaliini
|
—
|
adessive
|
Baikalillani
|
—
|
ablative
|
Baikaliltani
|
—
|
allative
|
Baikalilleni
|
—
|
essive
|
Baikalinani
|
—
|
translative
|
Baikalikseni
|
—
|
abessive
|
Baikalittani
|
—
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
—
|
second-person singular possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
Baikalisi
|
—
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
Baikalisi
|
—
|
gen.
|
Baikalisi
|
genitive
|
Baikalisi
|
—
|
partitive
|
Baikaliasi
|
—
|
inessive
|
Baikalissasi
|
—
|
elative
|
Baikalistasi
|
—
|
illative
|
Baikaliisi
|
—
|
adessive
|
Baikalillasi
|
—
|
ablative
|
Baikaliltasi
|
—
|
allative
|
Baikalillesi
|
—
|
essive
|
Baikalinasi
|
—
|
translative
|
Baikaliksesi
|
—
|
abessive
|
Baikalittasi
|
—
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
—
|
first-person plural possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
Baikalimme
|
—
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
Baikalimme
|
—
|
gen.
|
Baikalimme
|
genitive
|
Baikalimme
|
—
|
partitive
|
Baikaliamme
|
—
|
inessive
|
Baikalissamme
|
—
|
elative
|
Baikalistamme
|
—
|
illative
|
Baikaliimme
|
—
|
adessive
|
Baikalillamme
|
—
|
ablative
|
Baikaliltamme
|
—
|
allative
|
Baikalillemme
|
—
|
essive
|
Baikalinamme
|
—
|
translative
|
Baikaliksemme
|
—
|
abessive
|
Baikalittamme
|
—
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
—
|
second-person plural possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
Baikalinne
|
—
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
Baikalinne
|
—
|
gen.
|
Baikalinne
|
genitive
|
Baikalinne
|
—
|
partitive
|
Baikalianne
|
—
|
inessive
|
Baikalissanne
|
—
|
elative
|
Baikalistanne
|
—
|
illative
|
Baikaliinne
|
—
|
adessive
|
Baikalillanne
|
—
|
ablative
|
Baikaliltanne
|
—
|
allative
|
Baikalillenne
|
—
|
essive
|
Baikalinanne
|
—
|
translative
|
Baikaliksenne
|
—
|
abessive
|
Baikalittanne
|
—
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
—
|
third-person possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
Baikalinsa
|
—
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
Baikalinsa
|
—
|
gen.
|
Baikalinsa
|
genitive
|
Baikalinsa
|
—
|
partitive
|
Baikaliaan Baikaliansa
|
—
|
inessive
|
Baikalissaan Baikalissansa
|
—
|
elative
|
Baikalistaan Baikalistansa
|
—
|
illative
|
Baikaliinsa
|
—
|
adessive
|
Baikalillaan Baikalillansa
|
—
|
ablative
|
Baikaliltaan Baikaliltansa
|
—
|
allative
|
Baikalilleen Baikalillensa
|
—
|
essive
|
Baikalinaan Baikalinansa
|
—
|
translative
|
Baikalikseen Baikaliksensa
|
—
|
abessive
|
Baikalittaan Baikalittansa
|
—
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
—
|
|
Derived terms
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /bajˈkaw/ [baɪ̯ˈkaʊ̯]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /bajˈkal/ [bajˈkaɫ]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /bajˈkal/ [bajˈkaɫ]
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /bajˈka.li/
Proper noun
Baikal m
- alternative spelling of Baical