Dungan

• Tungan, Tungani, Dungani (dated)

From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym.

Chinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007):^[1]

• From Chinese 東甘 / 东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov.
• From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev.
• From Chinese 潼關 / 潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.
• From Turkic turmaq > turupqaighan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar С.李双贵.
• From Chinese 東岸 / 东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto.

Lin agrees with the 東岸 / 东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 / 东岸子.

Hai Feng proposes in 2005^[2] that it is from Chinese 屯墾 / 屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.

• IPA^(key): /ˈdʊŋɡɑːn/

Dungan pl (plural only)

1. A Muslim people originally from north-west China who currently reside in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia.

• Hui

Dungan

1. The Sinitic language of this people, a Mandarin dialect written in the Cyrillic script.

• Ethnologue entry for Dungan, dng ⁠

• Dangun