Reconstruction:Prakrit/𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟𑀇

This Prakrit entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit आकृ॑त (ā́kṛta)?

Prakrit *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa)

Prakrit -𑀅𑀇 (-aï)

Prakrit *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟𑀇 (*ākkaḍaï)

Denominal verb of *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa, “stiff”)^[1] + -𑀅𑀇 (-aï).

Verb

*𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟𑀇 (*ākkaḍaï) (Devanagari *आक्कडइ)

to cramp, stiffen

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Hindi:
  - Chhattisgarhi: अकड़ना (akaṛnā), अकड़ाना (akṛānā)
- Western Hindi:
  - Bundeli: अकड़ना (akaṛnā)
  - Haryanvi: अकड़णा (akaṛṇā)
  - Middle Hindi: اکڙنا (akṛna /⁠akṛna⁠/)
    - Hindustani: akaṛnā, akṛānā
      Hindi: अकड़ना, अकड़ाना
      
      Urdu: اَکَڑْنا, اَکْڑانا
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Angika:
  Devanagari script: अकड़बो (akaṛbo)
  
  Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚𑂥𑂷 (akaṛbo)
- Bhojpuri: akᵊṛal
  Devanagari script: अकड़ल
  
  Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚𑂪
- Magahi:
  Devanagari script: अकड़न (akᵊṛan)
  
  Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚𑂢 (akṛan)
- Maithili: akᵊṛab
  Devanagari script: अकड़ब
  
  Tirhuta script: 𑒁𑒏𑒛𑓃𑒥
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Central Pahari:
  - Garhwali: अकड़णो (akaṛṇo)
  - Kumaoni: अकड़णो
- Eastern Pahari:
  - Doteli: अकड्डु (akaḍḍu), अकण्णु (akaṇṇu)
  - Nepali: अकडिनु (akaḍinu), अक्रनु (akranu)
- Western Pahari:
  - Dogri: ākaṛnā
    Devanagari script: आकड़ना
    
    Dogra script: 𑠁𑠊𑠫𑠝𑠬
  - Jaunsari: अकड़नु (akaṛnu)
  - Kotgarhi: औङ्कड़नों
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabic:
  - Pahari-Potwari: ākaṛnā
    Gurmukhi script: ਆਕੜਨਾ
    
    Shahmukhi script: آکَڑْنا
  - Punjabi: ākaṛnā, akaṛāuṇā
    Gurmukhi script: ਆਕੜਨਾ, ਅਕੜਾਉਣਾ
    
    Shahmukhi script: آکَڑْنا, اَکَڑاؤُݨا
  - Saraiki: ākaṛaṇ
    Devanagari script: आकड़ण (ākṛaṇ)
    
    Multani script: 𑊀𑊄𑊧𑊕 (akṛṇ /⁠ākaṛaṇ⁠/)
    
    Shahmukhi script: آکَڑَݨ
- Sindhic:
  - Kachchi: akaṛṇũ
    Gujarati script: અકડ઼ણું
    
    Khudabadi script: 𑊰𑊺𑋊𑋌𑋣𑋟
  - Sindhi: akiṛijaṇu, ākuṛaṇu, akuṛijaṇu
    Arabic script: آڪِڙِجَڻُ, آکُڙَڻُ, آڪُڙِجَڻُ
    
    Devanagari script: आकिड़िजणु, आकुड़णु, आकुड़िजणु
    
    Khudabadi script: 𑊰𑊺𑋡𑋊𑋡𑋂𑋌𑋣, 𑊱𑊺𑋣𑋊𑋌𑋣, 𑊰𑊺𑋣𑋊𑋡𑋂𑋌𑋣
  - Vaghri: અકડ઼ણુ (akaṛṇu)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: akaḍṇe
  Devanagari script: अकडणे
  
  Modi script: 𑘀𑘎𑘚𑘜𑘹
- Varhadi: akaḷna
  Devanagari script: अकळनं
  
  Modi script: 𑘀𑘎𑘯𑘡𑘽
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Dhundhari: अकड़बो (akaṛbo)
- Gojri: آکَڑْنو (ākaṛno)
- Gujarati: અકડાવું (akṛāvũ)
- Marwari:
  Devanagari script: अकड़णौ (akaṛṇau)
  
  Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅕𑅲𑅢𑅒 (akṛṇu /⁠akaṛṇau⁠/)
- Mewati: अकड़णो (akaṛṇo)
- Wagdi: अकड़वु

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ākkaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ākkaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45

[1]