Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/nimas

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Noun

*nimas

bailer in a canoe

Verb

*nimas

to bail out a canoe

Descendants

Kavalan: nimas (“to clean out water from a boat”)
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *limas, *nimas
- Philippine
  - Northern Luzon
    - Ilocano: limás
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: limás
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: limás
      - Bikol Central: limás
      - Visayan
        Cebuano: limás
        Masbatenyo: limás
        Waray-Waray: límas
        Tausug: limas
      - Mansaka: limas
    - Manobo
      - Binukid: limas
    - Danao
      - Maranao: limas
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow
      - ⇒ Mongondow: molimat (“scoop out, bail water from a canoe”)
      - ⇒ Gorontalo: molimato (“bail out a canoe”)
  - Kalamian
    - Agutaynen: limat
  - Sangiric
    - Sangir: limasē (“the water that enters a canoe through a leak in the hull”)
- Barito
  - Sama–Bajaw
    - Yakan: limas
  - East Barito
    - Malagasy: díma (“a small wooden vessel used in baling water out of a canoe”)
- North Bornean
  - North Sarawakan
    - Kenyah
      - ⇒ Bakung: ngelima (“bail out a canoe”)
- Kayanic
  - Rejang Kayan: limah
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  - Simeulue: limas
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Malayic
    - Malay: limas
      - > Indonesian: limas (inherited)
    - Minangkabau: limeh
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    - Balinese: limas
    - Sasak: limas
  - Sundanese: limas
- Old Javanese: limas
- ⇒ Palauan: olimet (“bailer”)
- Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Central Malayo-Polynesian
    - Central Maluku
      - Asilulu: lima
  - Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
    - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
      - Buli (Indonesia): limas
    - Oceanic: *limas, *nimas
      - Admiralty Islands (?)
        Yapese: niim (“bailer”)
      - Western Oceanic
        North New Guinea
        Kairiru: lim
        Mbula: niimi
        Meso-Melanesian
        Nehan: limah
        Halia: limasa
      - Central–Eastern Oceanic
        Micronesian
        Kosraean: inihm
        Gilbertese: anima
        Western Micronesian
        Chuukic
        Chuukese: num
        Puluwat: niim
        Pohnpeic
        Pohnpeian: liim
        Mokilese: lim
        Central Pacific
        Western Fijian: nima (“be baled out, have water baled out”)
        Fijian: nima (“to bale out a canoe”)

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *nimas.