Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/tukad

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Noun

*tukad

runged ladder
rung of a ladder

Descendants

East Formosan
- Amis: tokar
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *tukad
- Philippine
  - Northern Luzon
    - Ilocano: tukád
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tukad
  - Central Luzon
    - Bolinao: tukar
    - Abenlen Ayta: tokad
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow
      - Gorontalo: tutuadu
      - Mongondow: tukad
      - Ponosakan: tukar
  - Sangiric: *tukad
- Greater Barito
  - Sama–Bajaw
    - Yakan: tukad
  - East Barito
    - Lawangan: tukar
    - Ma'anyan: tukat
    - Malagasy: tohatra
- North Bornean
  - Northeast Sabahan
    - Bonggi: tuhad
  - Southwest Sabahan
    - Greater Dusunic
      - Dusunic
        Central Dusun: tukad
        Tambunan Dusun: tukad
        Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: tukad
        Momogun
        Rungus: tukad
        Kimaragang: tukad
        Tobilung: tukad
      - Bisaya–Lotud
        Lotud: tukad
        Sabah Bisaya: tukad
    - Paitanic
      - Tombonuo: tukad
    - Murutic
      - Timugon Murut: tukar
      - Abai Sembuak: tukad
- South Sulawesi
  - Makasar: tukaʼ
- Celebic
  - Saluan–Banggai
    - Banggai: tukal
  - Kaili–Pamona
    - Pamona: tuka
    - Uma: tuka'

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *tukad₁.