Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/tuna

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Noun

*tuna

water
Synonym: *paru
river, watercourse
rain
Synonym: *konopo

Descendants

Guianan:
- Apalaí: tuna
- Kari'na: tuna
- Proto-Taranoan: *tuna
  - Akurio: tuna
  - Carijona: tuna
  - Trió: tuna
- Wayana: tuna
Kuikuroan:
- Kuikúro: tunga, tuã
Opón: tuna
Parukotoan:
- Hixkaryana: tuna
- Kaxuyana: tuna
- Waiwai: tuuna, tuna
Pekodian:
- >? Ikpeng: ga
Sapará: tu꞉ná
Venezuelan Cariban:
- Chaima: tuna
- Mapoyan:
  - Mapoyo: tuna
  - Yabarana: tuna:, tuna
- Panare: tïna, tuna
- Pemongan:
  - Akawaio: tuna
  - Macushi: tuna
  - Pemon: tuna
  - Purukotó: tuná
- Tamanaku: tuna
Waimiri-Atroari: syna
Wayumara: tuná
Ye'kwana: tuna
Yukpan:
- Yukpa: kuna
→? Patagón: tuná
→? Rabona: tuná

References

Gildea, Spike, Doris Payne (2007) “Is Greenberg’s ‘Macro-Carib’ viable?”, in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi: Ciências Humanas, volume 2, number 2, Belém, pages 19–72
Meira, Sérgio, Bruna Franchetto (2005) “The southern Cariban languages and the Cariban family”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 71, pages 127–192
Florian Matter, editor (2021), “*tuna”, in Comparative Cariban Database‎^[1], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 12 April 2022
Florian Matter, editor (2021), “*tuna”, in Comparative Cariban Database‎^[2], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 28 February 2024
Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎^[3], Houston: Rice University, page 189
Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[4], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 392