Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸūts

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”).[1]

Noun

*ɸūts m

  1. foot

Inflection

Masculine/feminine consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *ɸūts *ɸāde *ɸādes
vocative *ɸūts *ɸāde *ɸādes
accusative *ɸādam *ɸāde *ɸādans
genitive *ɸādos *ɸādou *ɸādom
dative *ɸādei *ɸādobom *ɸādobos
locative *ɸādi — —
instrumental *ɸāde? *ɸādobim *ɸādobis

Reconstruction notes

  • The term is solely unambiguously attested in Galatian. Its /aː/ (which cannot come from Proto-Indo-European *pódes) indicates that the long vowel of the nominative singular was generalized across the entire paradigm.
  • Matasović's nominative singular *ɸād-s does not work, since as *dū (“to”) and *kū (“dog”) attest to, pre-Celtic *ō became *ū in monosyllables, not *ā. The leveling of the *ā across the paradigm attested in Galatian must have thus occurred before *ō split up.

Descendants

  • Galatian: αδες pl (ades)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fod-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136
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