|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *ɸare- + *bereti.[1]
Verb
*ɸarebereti
- to use
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸareberū
|
*ɸareberemam
|
*ɸarebibrāsū
|
*ɸareberta
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸareberesi
|
*ɸareberetās
|
*ɸarebibrāsesi
|
*ɸarebertas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸarebereti
|
*ɸarebereto
|
*ɸarebibrāseti
|
*ɸareberte
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸareberomosi
|
*ɸareberemo
|
*ɸarebibrāsomosi
|
*ɸarebertmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸareberetesi
|
*ɸareberestē
|
*ɸarebibrāsetesi
|
*ɸarebersse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸareberonti
|
*ɸareberento
|
*ɸarebibrāsonti
|
*ɸarebertars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸareberasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸareberasesi
|
?
|
*ɸarebere
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸareberaseti
|
?
|
*ɸareberetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸareberasomosi
|
?
|
*ɸareberomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸareberasetesi
|
?
|
*ɸareberete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸareberasonti
|
?
|
*ɸareberontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸareberūr
|
—
|
*ɸarebibrāsūr
|
*ɸarebertra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸareberetar
|
—
|
*ɸarebibrāsetar
|
*ɸarebertras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸareberetor
|
?
|
*ɸarebibrāsetor
|
*ɸarebertre
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸareberommor
|
—
|
*ɸarebibrāsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸareberedwe
|
—
|
*ɸarebibrāsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸareberontor
|
?
|
*ɸarebibrāsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸareberasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸareberasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸareberasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸareberasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸareberasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸareberasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸareberonts
|
*ɸareberonte
|
*ɸareberontes
|
| vocative
|
*ɸareberonts
|
*ɸareberonte
|
*ɸareberontes
|
| accusative
|
*ɸareberontam
|
*ɸareberonte
|
*ɸareberontans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸareberantos
|
*?
|
*ɸareberantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸareberantei
|
*ɸareberantbom
|
*ɸareberantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸareberantī?
|
*ɸareberantbim
|
*ɸareberantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸareberantī
|
*ɸareberantī
|
*ɸareberantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸareberantī
|
*ɸareberantī
|
*ɸareberantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸareberantīm
|
*ɸareberantī
|
*ɸareberantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸareberantyās
|
*?
|
*ɸareberantyom
|
| dative
|
*ɸareberantyāi
|
*ɸareberantyābom
|
*ɸareberantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸareberantyābim
|
*ɸareberantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸareberont
|
*?
|
*ɸareberonta
|
| vocative
|
*ɸareberont
|
*?
|
*ɸareberonta
|
| accusative
|
*ɸareberont
|
*?
|
*ɸareberonta
|
| genitive
|
*ɸareberantos
|
*?
|
*ɸareberantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸareberantei
|
*?
|
*ɸareberantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸareberantī?
|
*?
|
*ɸareberantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸareberomnos
|
*ɸareberomnou
|
*ɸareberomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸareberomne
|
*ɸareberomnou
|
*ɸareberomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸareberomnom
|
*ɸareberomnou
|
*ɸareberomnons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸareberomnī
|
*ɸareberomnous
|
*ɸareberomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸareberomnūi
|
*ɸareberomnobom
|
*ɸareberomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸareberomnū
|
*ɸareberomnobim
|
*ɸareberomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸareberomnā
|
*ɸareberomnai
|
*ɸareberomnās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸareberomnā
|
*ɸareberomnai
|
*ɸareberomnās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸareberomnam
|
*ɸareberomnai
|
*ɸareberomnans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸareberomnās
|
*ɸareberomnous
|
*ɸareberomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸareberomnai
|
*ɸareberomnābom
|
*ɸareberomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸareberomnābim
|
*ɸareberomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸareberomnom
|
*ɸareberomnou
|
*ɸareberomnā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸareberomnom
|
*ɸareberomnou
|
*ɸareberomnā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸareberomnom
|
*ɸareberomnou
|
*ɸareberomnā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸareberomnī
|
*ɸareberomnous
|
*ɸareberomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸareberomnūi
|
*ɸareberomnobom
|
*ɸareberomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸareberomnū
|
*ɸareberomnobim
|
*ɸareberomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸarebritos
|
*ɸarebritou
|
*ɸarebritoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸarebrite
|
*ɸarebritou
|
*ɸarebritoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸarebritom
|
*ɸarebritou
|
*ɸarebritons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸarebritī
|
*ɸarebritous
|
*ɸarebritom
|
| dative
|
*ɸarebritūi
|
*ɸarebritobom
|
*ɸarebritobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸarebritū
|
*ɸarebritobim
|
*ɸarebritobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸarebritā
|
*ɸarebritai
|
*ɸarebritās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸarebritā
|
*ɸarebritai
|
*ɸarebritās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸarebritam
|
*ɸarebritai
|
*ɸarebritans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸarebritās
|
*ɸarebritous
|
*ɸarebritom
|
| dative
|
*ɸarebritai
|
*ɸarebritābom
|
*ɸarebritābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸarebritābim
|
*ɸarebritābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸarebritom
|
*ɸarebritou
|
*ɸarebritā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸarebritom
|
*ɸarebritou
|
*ɸarebritā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸarebritom
|
*ɸarebritou
|
*ɸarebritā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸarebritī
|
*ɸarebritous
|
*ɸarebritom
|
| dative
|
*ɸarebritūi
|
*ɸarebritobom
|
*ɸarebritobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸarebritū
|
*ɸarebritobim
|
*ɸarebritobis
|
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 123