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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *powǵ-éye-ti, an o-grade *-éyeti iterative formed to the root *pewǵ- (“to prick”).[1]
Verb
*ɸougīti
- to sew, stitch
Inflection
| Ī-present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸougeyū
|
*ɸougīmam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸougīsi
|
*ɸougītās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸougīti
|
*ɸougīto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸougeyomosi
|
*ɸougīmo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸougītesi
|
*ɸougīstē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸougeyonti
|
*ɸougīnto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*ɸougī
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*ɸougītou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*ɸougeyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*ɸougīte
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*ɸougeyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸougeyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸougītar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸougītor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸougeyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸougīdwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸougeyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougeyonts
|
*ɸougeyonte
|
*ɸougeyontes
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougeyonts
|
*ɸougeyonte
|
*ɸougeyontes
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougeyontam
|
*ɸougeyonte
|
*ɸougeyontans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougeyantos
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougeyantei
|
*ɸougeyantbom
|
*ɸougeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸougeyantī?
|
*ɸougeyantbim
|
*ɸougeyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougeyantī
|
*ɸougeyantī
|
*ɸougeyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougeyantī
|
*ɸougeyantī
|
*ɸougeyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougeyantīm
|
*ɸougeyantī
|
*ɸougeyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougeyantyās
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyantyom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougeyantyāi
|
*ɸougeyantyābom
|
*ɸougeyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyantyābim
|
*ɸougeyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougeyont
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyonta
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougeyont
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyonta
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougeyont
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyonta
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougeyantos
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougeyantei
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸougeyantī?
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougeyomnos
|
*ɸougeyomnou
|
*ɸougeyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougeyomne
|
*ɸougeyomnou
|
*ɸougeyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougeyomnom
|
*ɸougeyomnou
|
*ɸougeyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougeyomnī
|
*ɸougeyomnous
|
*ɸougeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougeyomnūi
|
*ɸougeyomnobom
|
*ɸougeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸougeyomnū
|
*ɸougeyomnobim
|
*ɸougeyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougeyomnā
|
*ɸougeyomnai
|
*ɸougeyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougeyomnā
|
*ɸougeyomnai
|
*ɸougeyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougeyomnam
|
*ɸougeyomnai
|
*ɸougeyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougeyomnās
|
*ɸougeyomnous
|
*ɸougeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougeyomnai
|
*ɸougeyomnābom
|
*ɸougeyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸougeyomnābim
|
*ɸougeyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougeyomnom
|
*ɸougeyomnou
|
*ɸougeyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougeyomnom
|
*ɸougeyomnou
|
*ɸougeyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougeyomnom
|
*ɸougeyomnou
|
*ɸougeyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougeyomnī
|
*ɸougeyomnous
|
*ɸougeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougeyomnūi
|
*ɸougeyomnobom
|
*ɸougeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸougeyomnū
|
*ɸougeyomnobim
|
*ɸougeyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougetos
|
*ɸougetou
|
*ɸougetoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougete
|
*ɸougetou
|
*ɸougetoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougetom
|
*ɸougetou
|
*ɸougetons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougetī
|
*ɸougetous
|
*ɸougetom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougetūi
|
*ɸougetobom
|
*ɸougetobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸougetū
|
*ɸougetobim
|
*ɸougetobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougetā
|
*ɸougetai
|
*ɸougetās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougetā
|
*ɸougetai
|
*ɸougetās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougetam
|
*ɸougetai
|
*ɸougetans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougetās
|
*ɸougetous
|
*ɸougetom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougetai
|
*ɸougetābom
|
*ɸougetābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸougetābim
|
*ɸougetābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸougetom
|
*ɸougetou
|
*ɸougetā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸougetom
|
*ɸougetou
|
*ɸougetā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸougetom
|
*ɸougetou
|
*ɸougetā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸougetī
|
*ɸougetous
|
*ɸougetom
|
| dative
|
*ɸougetūi
|
*ɸougetobom
|
*ɸougetobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸougetū
|
*ɸougetobim
|
*ɸougetobis
|
Descendants
- Old Irish: úaigid, ⇒ con·óigi
- Middle Irish: úaigid
- Irish: fuaigh
- Scottish Gaelic: fuaigh
- ⇒ Manx: fuaill (from the verbal noun)
References
- ^ Le Mair, Esther (30 September 2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page 256