Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pewǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Probably not related to *pewḱ- (“pine”).[1]

    Root

    *pewǵ-[1][2][3][4]

    1. to punch, fist-fight
    2. to prick, poke, stab

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ- (24 c, 0 e)
    • *pu-né-ǵ-ti ~ *pu-n-ǵ-énti (nasal-infix present)[2]
      • Proto-Italic: *pungō (“to prick, sting”)
    • *powǵ-éye-ti (o-grade *-éyeti iterative[5])
      • Proto-Celtic: *ɸougīti
        • Old Irish: úaigid (“to sew”), ⇒ con·óigi[6]
          • Middle Irish: úaigid (“to sew”)
            • Irish: fuaigh
            • Scottish Gaelic: fuaigh
            • ⇒ Manx: fuaill (from the verbal noun)
    • *puǵ-s
      • Proto-Hellenic: *púks
        • Ancient Greek: πύξ (púx, “with fists, in a fist-fight”)
    • *puǵ-i-h₃onh₂-
    • *puǵ-li-s[1]
      • Proto-Italic: *pugls
        • Latin: pugil (“boxer, fist-fighter”)
    • *puǵ-méh₂
      • Proto-Hellenic: *pugmā́
        • Ancient Greek: πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist, fist-fight”)
    • ?*puǵ-neh₂
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fukkōną (“to strike, copulate”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ?*pouǵ-neh₂
      • Proto-Germanic: *faukōną (“to strike, beat”)
    • *puǵ-nó-s[2]
    • >? *pu-n-ǵ-sti-s
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Germanic: *funstiz (“fist”) (< *funkstiz)
        • Proto-West Germanic: *fūsti (see there for further descendants)
    • *puǵ-teh₂-s
      • Proto-Hellenic: *púktās
        • Ancient Greek: πύκτης (púktēs, “boxer, fist-fighter”)

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πυγμή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1254: “*puḱ, *puǵ- 'sting'”
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pungō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 499: “*pu-n(e)g/k-”
    3. ^ “pugnacious”, in Collins English Dictionary: “*peuĝ-, to punch”
    4. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*peug- 'prick, poke'”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 377
    5. ^ Le Mair, Esther (30 September 2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page 256
    6. ^ Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-Stems in Celtic (Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics; III), Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, →ISBN, page 77
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