Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-dyos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative forms

Suffix

*-dyos[3]

  1. Forms adjectives from nouns.
    ‎*karants (“friend”) + ‎*-dyos → ‎*karantodyos (“friendly”)

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *-dyos *-dyou *-dyoi
vocative *-dye *-dyou *-dyoi
accusative *-dyom *-dyou *-dyons
genitive *-dyī *-dyous *-dyom
dative *-dyūi *-dyobom *-dyobos
instrumental *-dyū *-dyobim *-dyobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *-dyā *-dyai *-dyās
vocative *-dyā *-dyai *-dyās
accusative *-dyam *-dyai *-dyans
genitive *-dyās *-dyous *-dyom
dative *-dyai *-dyābom *-dyābos
instrumental *? *-dyābim *-dyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *-dyom *-dyou *-dyā
vocative *-dyom *-dyou *-dyā
accusative *-dyom *-dyou *-dyā
genitive *-dyī *-dyous *-dyom
dative *-dyūi *-dyobom *-dyobos
instrumental *-dyū *-dyobim *-dyobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *-dyūs *? *-dyoses
vocative *-dyūs *? *-dyoses
accusative *-dyosam *? *-dyosans
genitive *-dyisos *? *-dyisom
dative *-dyisei *? *-dyisbos
instrumental *-dyisī *? *-dyisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *-dyūs *? *-dyoses
vocative *-dyūs *? *-dyoses
accusative *-dyosam *? *-dyosans
genitive *-dyisos *? *-dyisom
dative *-dyisei *? *-dyisbos
instrumental *-dyisī *? *-dyisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *-dyis *? *?
vocative *-dyis *? *?
accusative *-dyis *? *?
genitive *-dyisos *? *-dyisom
dative *-dyisei *? *-dyisbos
instrumental *-dyisī *? *-dyisbis

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *-öð (following Thurneysen and De Bernardo Stempel), *-ėð (following McCone)
    • Middle Welsh: -eidd
  • Old Irish: -dae, -de
  • Gaulish: -dios
    • ⇒ Gaulish: uxedios, andedion
    • →⇒ Latin: Carantodius, Allodius, Genetodia, Togidius (among many others)

References

  1. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 348, pages 221-222; reprinted 2017
  2. ^ de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (1999) Nominale Wortbildung des älteren Irischen: Stammbildung und Derivation [Noun Formation in Old Irish: Stem-formation and derivation] (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie) (in German), volume 15, Tübingen: Niemeyer, →ISBN, pages 357-358
  3. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages 46-47
  4. ^ Kim McCone (1994) “An tSean-Ghaeilge agus a Réamhstair”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, 19.5, 21.2, pages 121, 127
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