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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eg- (“to lack”) (cognate with Latin egeo and Old Norse ekla), prefixed with *an- (“not, un-”). The odd appearance of *an-, which normally only appears in nominal formations, may be explained as spreading from the verbal noun *anextlom.[1]
Verb
*anegeti[2]
- to protect
Declension
| Thematic present, t-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*anegū
|
*anegemam
|
*anixsū
|
*anīgam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*anegesi
|
*anegetās
|
*anixsesi
|
*anīxs
|
| 3rd singular
|
*anegeti
|
*anegeto
|
*anixseti
|
*anīxt
|
| 1st plural
|
*anegomosi
|
*anegemo
|
*anixsomosi
|
*anīgme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*anegetesi
|
*anegestē
|
*anixsetesi
|
*anīxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*anegonti
|
*anegento
|
*anixsonti
|
*anīgant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*anexsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*anexsesi
|
?
|
*anege
|
| 3rd singular
|
*anexseti
|
?
|
*anegetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*anexsomosi
|
?
|
*anegomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*anexsetesi
|
?
|
*anegete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*anexsonti
|
?
|
*anegontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*anegūr
|
—
|
*anixsūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*anegetar
|
—
|
*anixsetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*anegetor
|
?
|
*anixsetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*anegommor
|
—
|
*anixsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*anegedwe
|
—
|
*anixsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*anegontor
|
?
|
*anixsontor
|
*anīganto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*anexsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*anexsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*anexsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*anexsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*anexsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*anexsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anegonts
|
*anegonte
|
*anegontes
|
| vocative
|
*anegonts
|
*anegonte
|
*anegontes
|
| accusative
|
*anegontam
|
*anegonte
|
*anegontans
|
| genitive
|
*anegantos
|
*?
|
*anegantom
|
| dative
|
*anegantei
|
*anegantbom
|
*anegantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*anegantī?
|
*anegantbim
|
*anegantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anegantī
|
*anegantī
|
*anegantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*anegantī
|
*anegantī
|
*anegantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*anegantīm
|
*anegantī
|
*anegantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*anegantyās
|
*?
|
*anegantyom
|
| dative
|
*anegantyāi
|
*anegantyābom
|
*anegantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*anegantyābim
|
*anegantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anegont
|
*?
|
*anegonta
|
| vocative
|
*anegont
|
*?
|
*anegonta
|
| accusative
|
*anegont
|
*?
|
*anegonta
|
| genitive
|
*anegantos
|
*?
|
*anegantom
|
| dative
|
*anegantei
|
*?
|
*anegantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*anegantī?
|
*?
|
*anegantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anegomnos
|
*anegomnou
|
*anegomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*anegomne
|
*anegomnou
|
*anegomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*anegomnom
|
*anegomnou
|
*anegomnons
|
| genitive
|
*anegomnī
|
*anegomnous
|
*anegomnom
|
| dative
|
*anegomnūi
|
*anegomnobom
|
*anegomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*anegomnū
|
*anegomnobim
|
*anegomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anegomnā
|
*anegomnai
|
*anegomnās
|
| vocative
|
*anegomnā
|
*anegomnai
|
*anegomnās
|
| accusative
|
*anegomnam
|
*anegomnai
|
*anegomnans
|
| genitive
|
*anegomnās
|
*anegomnous
|
*anegomnom
|
| dative
|
*anegomnai
|
*anegomnābom
|
*anegomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*anegomnābim
|
*anegomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anegomnom
|
*anegomnou
|
*anegomnā
|
| vocative
|
*anegomnom
|
*anegomnou
|
*anegomnā
|
| accusative
|
*anegomnom
|
*anegomnou
|
*anegomnā
|
| genitive
|
*anegomnī
|
*anegomnous
|
*anegomnom
|
| dative
|
*anegomnūi
|
*anegomnobom
|
*anegomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*anegomnū
|
*anegomnobim
|
*anegomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anextos
|
*anextou
|
*anextoi
|
| vocative
|
*anexte
|
*anextou
|
*anextoi
|
| accusative
|
*anextom
|
*anextou
|
*anextons
|
| genitive
|
*anextī
|
*anextous
|
*anextom
|
| dative
|
*anextūi
|
*anextobom
|
*anextobos
|
| instrumental
|
*anextū
|
*anextobim
|
*anextobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anextā
|
*anextai
|
*anextās
|
| vocative
|
*anextā
|
*anextai
|
*anextās
|
| accusative
|
*anextam
|
*anextai
|
*anextans
|
| genitive
|
*anextās
|
*anextous
|
*anextom
|
| dative
|
*anextai
|
*anextābom
|
*anextābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*anextābim
|
*anextābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anextom
|
*anextou
|
*anextā
|
| vocative
|
*anextom
|
*anextou
|
*anextā
|
| accusative
|
*anextom
|
*anextou
|
*anextā
|
| genitive
|
*anextī
|
*anextous
|
*anextom
|
| dative
|
*anextūi
|
*anextobom
|
*anextobos
|
| instrumental
|
*anextū
|
*anextobim
|
*anextobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old Irish: aingid
- ⇒ Celtiberian: Aneittiq (abbreviated surname from past participle stem *anext-[3])
References
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 197-200
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*aneg-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36
- ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2025) “Some Linguistic Considerations on a New Celtiberian Bronze”, in Voprosy
onomastiki, volume 22, number 1, page 119