Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/exswertis
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *exs- + *wert- (“to turn”) + *-is (forms adjectives from prefixed bases).
Adjective
*exswertis m[1]
- turned away?
- outside or without boundary markers?
Inflection
| I-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *exswertis | *exswertī | *exswertīs |
| vocative | *exswerti | *exswertī | *exswertīs |
| accusative | *exswertim | *exswertī | *exswertins |
| genitive | *exswerteis | *exswertyou | *exswertyom |
| dative | *exswertei | *exswertibom | *exswertibos |
| instrumental | *exswertī | *exswertibim | *exswertibis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *exswertis | *exswertī | *exswertīs |
| vocative | *exswerti | *exswertī | *exswertīs |
| accusative | *exswertim | *exswertī | *exswertins |
| genitive | *exswerteis | *exswertyou | *exswertyom |
| dative | *exswertei | *exswertibom | *exswertibos |
| instrumental | *exswertī | *exswertibim | *exswertibis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *exswerti | *exswertī | *exswertyā |
| vocative | *exswerti | *exswertī | *exswertyā |
| accusative | *exswerti | *exswertī | *exswertyā |
| genitive | *exswertois | *exswertois | *exswertyom |
| dative | *exswertē | *exswertibom | *exswertibos |
| instrumental | *exswertī | *exswertibim | *exswertibis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *exwɨrθ
- Welsh: echwyrth (“foolish”)
- Old Irish: esert, esirt (“vagrant”)
- ⇒ Gaulish: exuertinin (“disloyal”, acc. sg. f.)
References
- ^ Stifter, David (2013) “Two Continental Celtic Studies: the Vocative of Gaulish, and Essimnus”, in Juan Luis García Alonso, editor, Continental Celtic Word Formation. The Onomastic Data, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pages 99-122