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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ḱ- (“to elongate”).[1]
Verb
*maketi
- to increase
- to raise, rear, feed
Inflection
| Thematic present, t-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*makū
|
*makemam
|
*mimaxsū
|
*magam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*makesi
|
*maketās
|
*mimaxsesi
|
*maxs
|
| 3rd singular
|
*maketi
|
*maketo
|
*mimaxseti
|
*maxt
|
| 1st plural
|
*makomosi
|
*makemo
|
*mimaxsomosi
|
*magme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*maketesi
|
*makestē
|
*mimaxsetesi
|
*maxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*makonti
|
*makento
|
*mimaxsonti
|
*magant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*maxsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*maxsesi
|
?
|
*make
|
| 3rd singular
|
*maxseti
|
?
|
*maketou
|
| 1st plural
|
*maxsomosi
|
?
|
*makomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*maxsetesi
|
?
|
*makete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*maxsonti
|
?
|
*makontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*makūr
|
—
|
*mimaxsūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*maketar
|
—
|
*mimaxsetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*maketor
|
?
|
*mimaxsetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*makommor
|
—
|
*mimaxsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*makedwe
|
—
|
*mimaxsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*makontor
|
?
|
*mimaxsontor
|
*maganto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*maxsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*maxsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*maxsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*maxsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*maxsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*maxsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*makonts
|
*makonte
|
*makontes
|
| vocative
|
*makonts
|
*makonte
|
*makontes
|
| accusative
|
*makontam
|
*makonte
|
*makontans
|
| genitive
|
*makantos
|
*?
|
*makantom
|
| dative
|
*makantei
|
*makantbom
|
*makantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*makantī?
|
*makantbim
|
*makantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*makantī
|
*makantī
|
*makantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*makantī
|
*makantī
|
*makantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*makantīm
|
*makantī
|
*makantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*makantyās
|
*?
|
*makantyom
|
| dative
|
*makantyāi
|
*makantyābom
|
*makantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*makantyābim
|
*makantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*makont
|
*?
|
*makonta
|
| vocative
|
*makont
|
*?
|
*makonta
|
| accusative
|
*makont
|
*?
|
*makonta
|
| genitive
|
*makantos
|
*?
|
*makantom
|
| dative
|
*makantei
|
*?
|
*makantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*makantī?
|
*?
|
*makantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*makomnos
|
*makomnou
|
*makomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*makomne
|
*makomnou
|
*makomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*makomnom
|
*makomnou
|
*makomnons
|
| genitive
|
*makomnī
|
*makomnous
|
*makomnom
|
| dative
|
*makomnūi
|
*makomnobom
|
*makomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*makomnū
|
*makomnobim
|
*makomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*makomnā
|
*makomnai
|
*makomnās
|
| vocative
|
*makomnā
|
*makomnai
|
*makomnās
|
| accusative
|
*makomnam
|
*makomnai
|
*makomnans
|
| genitive
|
*makomnās
|
*makomnous
|
*makomnom
|
| dative
|
*makomnai
|
*makomnābom
|
*makomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*makomnābim
|
*makomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*makomnom
|
*makomnou
|
*makomnā
|
| vocative
|
*makomnom
|
*makomnou
|
*makomnā
|
| accusative
|
*makomnom
|
*makomnou
|
*makomnā
|
| genitive
|
*makomnī
|
*makomnous
|
*makomnom
|
| dative
|
*makomnūi
|
*makomnobom
|
*makomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*makomnū
|
*makomnobim
|
*makomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*maxtos
|
*maxtou
|
*maxtoi
|
| vocative
|
*maxte
|
*maxtou
|
*maxtoi
|
| accusative
|
*maxtom
|
*maxtou
|
*maxtons
|
| genitive
|
*maxtī
|
*maxtous
|
*maxtom
|
| dative
|
*maxtūi
|
*maxtobom
|
*maxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*maxtū
|
*maxtobim
|
*maxtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*maxtā
|
*maxtai
|
*maxtās
|
| vocative
|
*maxtā
|
*maxtai
|
*maxtās
|
| accusative
|
*maxtam
|
*maxtai
|
*maxtans
|
| genitive
|
*maxtās
|
*maxtous
|
*maxtom
|
| dative
|
*maxtai
|
*maxtābom
|
*maxtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*maxtābim
|
*maxtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*maxtom
|
*maxtou
|
*maxtā
|
| vocative
|
*maxtom
|
*maxtou
|
*maxtā
|
| accusative
|
*maxtom
|
*maxtou
|
*maxtā
|
| genitive
|
*maxtī
|
*maxtous
|
*maxtom
|
| dative
|
*maxtūi
|
*maxtobom
|
*maxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*maxtū
|
*maxtobim
|
*maxtobis
|
Derived terms
- *maxtos (past participle)
- *to-uɸor-maketi
- Old Irish: do·formaig
- → Old Welsh: diguormechis (3sg preterite) (calqued)
- → Old Breton: degurmeh (3sg present) (calqued)
- *to-uɸo-maketi
- Middle Welsh: dyofac (3sg present), dysgofac (with infixed pronoun)
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *mėgɨd
- Middle Breton: maguaff
- Middle Cornish: maga
- Middle Welsh: magu
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mak-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 254