Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tullos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Perhaps from earlier *tux-slo-, from Proto-Indo-European *tuk-slo-, from the root *tewk- (“to push, press (into), beat; to pierce, perforate”), an extended form of *(s)tew-. However, the attested Celtic reflexes show no trace of the presumed *x.[1]

Adjective

*tullos[1][note 1]

  1. pierced, perforated
  2. hollow

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *tullos *tullou *tulloi
vocative *tulle *tullou *tulloi
accusative *tullom *tullou *tullons
genitive *tullī *tullous *tullom
dative *tullūi *tullobom *tullobos
instrumental *tullū *tullobim *tullobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *tullā *tullai *tullās
vocative *tullā *tullai *tullās
accusative *tullam *tullai *tullans
genitive *tullās *tullous *tullom
dative *tullai *tullābom *tullābos
instrumental *? *tullābim *tullābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *tullom *tullou *tullā
vocative *tullom *tullou *tullā
accusative *tullom *tullou *tullā
genitive *tullī *tullous *tullom
dative *tullūi *tullobom *tullobos
instrumental *tullū *tullobim *tullobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *tullyūs *? *tullyoses
vocative *tullyūs *? *tullyoses
accusative *tullyosam *? *tullyosans
genitive *tullisos *? *tullisom
dative *tullisei *? *tullisbos
instrumental *tullisī *? *tullisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *tullyūs *? *tullyoses
vocative *tullyūs *? *tullyoses
accusative *tullyosam *? *tullyosans
genitive *tullisos *? *tullisom
dative *tullisei *? *tullisbos
instrumental *tullisī *? *tullisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *tullis *? *?
vocative *tullis *? *?
accusative *tullis *? *?
genitive *tullisos *? *tullisom
dative *tullisei *? *tullisbos
instrumental *tullisī *? *tullisbis

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *tull
    • Old Breton: tull (“foramen”)
      • Middle Breton: toull
        • Breton: toull (“hole”)
    • Cornish: toll, tol
    • Middle Welsh: twll
      • Welsh: twll (“hole”)
  • Old Irish: toll
  • Celtiberian:

Notes

  1. ^ Substantivized as a masculine or neuter noun meaning "hole" or "foramen" in several descendants.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tullo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
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