Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uɸorigeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *uɸo- (“under-”) +‎ *rigeti (“to bind”).

Verb

*uɸorigeti[1][2]

  1. to hold back, delay

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *uɸorigū *uɸorigemam *uɸoririxsū *uɸoriroiga
2nd singular *uɸorigesi *uɸorigetās *uɸoririxsesi *uɸoriroigas?
3rd singular *uɸorigeti *uɸorigeto *uɸoririxseti *uɸoriroige
1st plural *uɸorigomosi *uɸorigemo *uɸoririxsomosi *uɸoriroigmo
2nd plural *uɸorigetesi *uɸorigestē *uɸoririxsetesi *uɸoriroixte
3rd plural *uɸorigonti *uɸorigento *uɸoririxsonti *uɸoriroigars
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *uɸorēxsū ? —
2nd singular *uɸorēxsesi ? *uɸorige
3rd singular *uɸorēxseti ? *uɸorigetou
1st plural *uɸorēxsomosi ? *uɸorigomos
2nd plural *uɸorēxsetesi ? *uɸorigete
3rd plural *uɸorēxsonti ? *uɸorigontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *uɸorigūr — *uɸoririxsūr *uɸoriroigra
2nd singular *uɸorigetar — *uɸoririxsetar *uɸoriroigras?
3rd singular *uɸorigetor ? *uɸoririxsetor *uɸoriroigre
1st plural *uɸorigommor — *uɸoririxsommor ?
2nd plural *uɸorigedwe — *uɸoririxsedwe ?
3rd plural *uɸorigontor ? *uɸoririxsontor ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *uɸorēxsūr — —
2nd singular *uɸorēxsetar — —
3rd singular *uɸorēxsetor — —
1st plural *uɸorēxsommor — —
2nd plural *uɸorēxsedwe — —
3rd plural *uɸorēxsontor — —
Declension of the present participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorigonts *uɸorigonte *uɸorigontes
vocative *uɸorigonts *uɸorigonte *uɸorigontes
accusative *uɸorigontam *uɸorigonte *uɸorigontans
genitive *uɸorigantos *? *uɸorigantom
dative *uɸorigantei *uɸorigantbom *uɸorigantbos
instrumental *uɸorigantī? *uɸorigantbim *uɸorigantbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorigantī *uɸorigantī *uɸorigantiyās
vocative *uɸorigantī *uɸorigantī *uɸorigantiyās
accusative *uɸorigantīm *uɸorigantī *uɸorigantiyans
genitive *uɸorigantyās *? *uɸorigantyom
dative *uɸorigantyāi *uɸorigantyābom *uɸorigantyābos
instrumental *? *uɸorigantyābim *uɸorigantyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorigont *? *uɸorigonta
vocative *uɸorigont *? *uɸorigonta
accusative *uɸorigont *? *uɸorigonta
genitive *uɸorigantos *? *uɸorigantom
dative *uɸorigantei *? *uɸorigantbos
instrumental *uɸorigantī? *? *uɸorigantbis
Declension of the middle participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorigomnos *uɸorigomnou *uɸorigomnoi
vocative *uɸorigomne *uɸorigomnou *uɸorigomnoi
accusative *uɸorigomnom *uɸorigomnou *uɸorigomnons
genitive *uɸorigomnī *uɸorigomnous *uɸorigomnom
dative *uɸorigomnūi *uɸorigomnobom *uɸorigomnobos
instrumental *uɸorigomnū *uɸorigomnobim *uɸorigomnobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorigomnā *uɸorigomnai *uɸorigomnās
vocative *uɸorigomnā *uɸorigomnai *uɸorigomnās
accusative *uɸorigomnam *uɸorigomnai *uɸorigomnans
genitive *uɸorigomnās *uɸorigomnous *uɸorigomnom
dative *uɸorigomnai *uɸorigomnābom *uɸorigomnābos
instrumental *? *uɸorigomnābim *uɸorigomnābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorigomnom *uɸorigomnou *uɸorigomnā
vocative *uɸorigomnom *uɸorigomnou *uɸorigomnā
accusative *uɸorigomnom *uɸorigomnou *uɸorigomnā
genitive *uɸorigomnī *uɸorigomnous *uɸorigomnom
dative *uɸorigomnūi *uɸorigomnobom *uɸorigomnobos
instrumental *uɸorigomnū *uɸorigomnobim *uɸorigomnobis
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorixtos *uɸorixtou *uɸorixtoi
vocative *uɸorixte *uɸorixtou *uɸorixtoi
accusative *uɸorixtom *uɸorixtou *uɸorixtons
genitive *uɸorixtī *uɸorixtous *uɸorixtom
dative *uɸorixtūi *uɸorixtobom *uɸorixtobos
instrumental *uɸorixtū *uɸorixtobim *uɸorixtobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorixtā *uɸorixtai *uɸorixtās
vocative *uɸorixtā *uɸorixtai *uɸorixtās
accusative *uɸorixtam *uɸorixtai *uɸorixtans
genitive *uɸorixtās *uɸorixtous *uɸorixtom
dative *uɸorixtai *uɸorixtābom *uɸorixtābos
instrumental *? *uɸorixtābim *uɸorixtābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *uɸorixtom *uɸorixtou *uɸorixtā
vocative *uɸorixtom *uɸorixtou *uɸorixtā
accusative *uɸorixtom *uɸorixtou *uɸorixtā
genitive *uɸorixtī *uɸorixtous *uɸorixtom
dative *uɸorixtūi *uɸorixtobom *uɸorixtobos
instrumental *uɸorixtū *uɸorixtobim *uɸorixtobis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *gwarrɨɣ (deuterotonic), *gwėrɨɣ (“to play”, prototonic)
    • Middle Breton: hoari
    • Middle Cornish: hwary
    • Middle Welsh: gwarwy, gwery
  • Old Irish: fo·rig

References

  1. ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 543-548
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rig-o- 'bind'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 312
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