Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wiketi

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (to overcome). Cognate with Latin vincō (to conquer).

    Verb

    *wiketi[1][2]

    1. to fight

    Inflection

    Thematic present, suffixless preterite
    Active voice
    Present Imperfect Future Preterite
    1st singular *wikū *wikemam *wiwixsū *wiwoika
    2nd singular *wikesi *wiketās *wiwixsesi *wiwoikas?
    3rd singular *wiketi *wiketo *wiwixseti *wiwoike
    1st plural *wikomosi *wikemo *wiwixsomosi *wiwoikmo
    2nd plural *wiketesi *wikestē *wiwixsetesi *wiwoixte
    3rd plural *wikonti *wikento *wiwixsonti *wiwoikars
    Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
    1st singular *weixsū ?
    2nd singular *weixsesi ? *wike
    3rd singular *weixseti ? *wiketou
    1st plural *weixsomosi ? *wikomos
    2nd plural *weixsetesi ? *wikete
    3rd plural *weixsonti ? *wikontou
    Passive voice
    Present Imperfect Future Preterite
    1st singular *wikūr *wiwixsūr *wiwoikra
    2nd singular *wiketar *wiwixsetar *wiwoikras?
    3rd singular *wiketor ? *wiwixsetor *wiwoikre
    1st plural *wikommor *wiwixsommor ?
    2nd plural *wikedwe *wiwixsedwe ?
    3rd plural *wikontor ? *wiwixsontor ?
    Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
    1st singular *weixsūr
    2nd singular *weixsetar
    3rd singular *weixsetor
    1st plural *weixsommor
    2nd plural *weixsedwe
    3rd plural *weixsontor
    Declension of the present participle
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *wikonts *wikonte *wikontes
    vocative *wikonts *wikonte *wikontes
    accusative *wikontam *wikonte *wikontans
    genitive *wikantos *? *wikantom
    dative *wikantei *wikantbom *wikantbos
    instrumental *wikantī? *wikantbim *wikantbis
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *wikantī *wikantī *wikantiyās
    vocative *wikantī *wikantī *wikantiyās
    accusative *wikantīm *wikantī *wikantiyans
    genitive *wikantyās *? *wikantyom
    dative *wikantyāi *wikantyābom *wikantyābos
    instrumental *? *wikantyābim *wikantyābis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *wikont *? *wikonta
    vocative *wikont *? *wikonta
    accusative *wikont *? *wikonta
    genitive *wikantos *? *wikantom
    dative *wikantei *? *wikantbos
    instrumental *wikantī? *? *wikantbis
    Declension of the middle participle
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *wikomnos *wikomnou *wikomnoi
    vocative *wikomne *wikomnou *wikomnoi
    accusative *wikomnom *wikomnou *wikomnons
    genitive *wikomnī *wikomnous *wikomnom
    dative *wikomnūi *wikomnobom *wikomnobos
    instrumental *wikomnū *wikomnobim *wikomnobis
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *wikomnā *wikomnai *wikomnās
    vocative *wikomnā *wikomnai *wikomnās
    accusative *wikomnam *wikomnai *wikomnans
    genitive *wikomnās *wikomnous *wikomnom
    dative *wikomnai *wikomnābom *wikomnābos
    instrumental *? *wikomnābim *wikomnābis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *wikomnom *wikomnou *wikomnā
    vocative *wikomnom *wikomnou *wikomnā
    accusative *wikomnom *wikomnou *wikomnā
    genitive *wikomnī *wikomnous *wikomnom
    dative *wikomnūi *wikomnobom *wikomnobos
    instrumental *wikomnū *wikomnobim *wikomnobis
    Declension of the past participle
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *wixtos *wixtou *wixtoi
    vocative *wixte *wixtou *wixtoi
    accusative *wixtom *wixtou *wixtons
    genitive *wixtī *wixtous *wixtom
    dative *wixtūi *wixtobom *wixtobos
    instrumental *wixtū *wixtobim *wixtobis
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *wixtā *wixtai *wixtās
    vocative *wixtā *wixtai *wixtās
    accusative *wixtam *wixtai *wixtans
    genitive *wixtās *wixtous *wixtom
    dative *wixtai *wixtābom *wixtābos
    instrumental *? *wixtābim *wixtābis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *wixtom *wixtou *wixtā
    vocative *wixtom *wixtou *wixtā
    accusative *wixtom *wixtou *wixtā
    genitive *wixtī *wixtous *wixtom
    dative *wixtūi *wixtobom *wixtobos
    instrumental *wixtū *wixtobim *wixtobis

    Derived terms

    • *wīkā
    • *wixs
      • Gaulish: *wix[3]
        • Gaulish: *Uiridouix
          • Latin: Viridovix
      • Proto-Celtic: *Ordowikes

    Descendants

    • Proto-Brythonic: *wügɨd
      • Proto-Brythonic: *ambwug
        • Old Breton: amouez
        • Middle Welsh: amwc
      • Proto-Brythonic: *diwug
        • Middle Welsh: difwyn, diwin
    • Old Irish: fichid

    References

    1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wikʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 421
    2. ^ Koch, John (2004) “*wik-e/o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 124
    3. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “uic(o)-, -uices”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 318