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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wolkéyeti,[1] an o-grade causative *-éyeti formation from a root Proto-Indo-European *welk-, a variant of *welg- (“wet”). See *wolkos (“rain, shower”) for further explanation.
Verb
*wolkīti
- to wash
- Synonyms: *nigyeti, *ameti
Inflection
| Ī-present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*wolkeyū
|
*wolkīmam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wolkīsi
|
*wolkītās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wolkīti
|
*wolkīto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*wolkeyomosi
|
*wolkīmo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wolkītesi
|
*wolkīstē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wolkeyonti
|
*wolkīnto
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*wolkī
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*wolkītou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*wolkeyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*wolkīte
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*wolkeyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*wolkeyūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wolkītar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wolkītor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*wolkeyommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wolkīdwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wolkeyontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolkeyonts
|
*wolkeyonte
|
*wolkeyontes
|
| vocative
|
*wolkeyonts
|
*wolkeyonte
|
*wolkeyontes
|
| accusative
|
*wolkeyontam
|
*wolkeyonte
|
*wolkeyontans
|
| genitive
|
*wolkeyantos
|
*?
|
*wolkeyantom
|
| dative
|
*wolkeyantei
|
*wolkeyantbom
|
*wolkeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*wolkeyantī?
|
*wolkeyantbim
|
*wolkeyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolkeyantī
|
*wolkeyantī
|
*wolkeyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*wolkeyantī
|
*wolkeyantī
|
*wolkeyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*wolkeyantīm
|
*wolkeyantī
|
*wolkeyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*wolkeyantyās
|
*?
|
*wolkeyantyom
|
| dative
|
*wolkeyantyāi
|
*wolkeyantyābom
|
*wolkeyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wolkeyantyābim
|
*wolkeyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolkeyont
|
*?
|
*wolkeyonta
|
| vocative
|
*wolkeyont
|
*?
|
*wolkeyonta
|
| accusative
|
*wolkeyont
|
*?
|
*wolkeyonta
|
| genitive
|
*wolkeyantos
|
*?
|
*wolkeyantom
|
| dative
|
*wolkeyantei
|
*?
|
*wolkeyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*wolkeyantī?
|
*?
|
*wolkeyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolkeyomnos
|
*wolkeyomnou
|
*wolkeyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*wolkeyomne
|
*wolkeyomnou
|
*wolkeyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*wolkeyomnom
|
*wolkeyomnou
|
*wolkeyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*wolkeyomnī
|
*wolkeyomnous
|
*wolkeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*wolkeyomnūi
|
*wolkeyomnobom
|
*wolkeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wolkeyomnū
|
*wolkeyomnobim
|
*wolkeyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolkeyomnā
|
*wolkeyomnai
|
*wolkeyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*wolkeyomnā
|
*wolkeyomnai
|
*wolkeyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*wolkeyomnam
|
*wolkeyomnai
|
*wolkeyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*wolkeyomnās
|
*wolkeyomnous
|
*wolkeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*wolkeyomnai
|
*wolkeyomnābom
|
*wolkeyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wolkeyomnābim
|
*wolkeyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolkeyomnom
|
*wolkeyomnou
|
*wolkeyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*wolkeyomnom
|
*wolkeyomnou
|
*wolkeyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*wolkeyomnom
|
*wolkeyomnou
|
*wolkeyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*wolkeyomnī
|
*wolkeyomnous
|
*wolkeyomnom
|
| dative
|
*wolkeyomnūi
|
*wolkeyomnobom
|
*wolkeyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wolkeyomnū
|
*wolkeyomnobim
|
*wolkeyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolketos
|
*wolketou
|
*wolketoi
|
| vocative
|
*wolkete
|
*wolketou
|
*wolketoi
|
| accusative
|
*wolketom
|
*wolketou
|
*wolketons
|
| genitive
|
*wolketī
|
*wolketous
|
*wolketom
|
| dative
|
*wolketūi
|
*wolketobom
|
*wolketobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wolketū
|
*wolketobim
|
*wolketobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolketā
|
*wolketai
|
*wolketās
|
| vocative
|
*wolketā
|
*wolketai
|
*wolketās
|
| accusative
|
*wolketam
|
*wolketai
|
*wolketans
|
| genitive
|
*wolketās
|
*wolketous
|
*wolketom
|
| dative
|
*wolketai
|
*wolketābom
|
*wolketābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wolketābim
|
*wolketābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wolketom
|
*wolketou
|
*wolketā
|
| vocative
|
*wolketom
|
*wolketou
|
*wolketā
|
| accusative
|
*wolketom
|
*wolketou
|
*wolketā
|
| genitive
|
*wolketī
|
*wolketous
|
*wolketom
|
| dative
|
*wolketūi
|
*wolketobom
|
*wolketobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wolketū
|
*wolketobim
|
*wolketobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwölxid
- Middle Breton: guelchiff
- Cornish: (various spellings) golhi, golhy, golghi
- Middle Welsh: golchi
- Old Irish: folcaid
- Middle Irish: foilcid
- Irish: folc (verb)
- Scottish Gaelic: failc (“to bathe”)
References