folc

See also: Folc and FoLC

Catalan

Alternative forms

  • folcat

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *folk (“people, tribe”), perhaps via a Vulgar Latin fulcus. Compare Old French foulc (Modern French foule).

Pronunciation

Noun

folc m (plural folcs)

  1. herd, flock
    Synonym: ramat

Further reading

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin fulgur.

Noun

folc m

  1. thunderbolt
    Synonyms: saete, sfulmin

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish folc (“heavy rain, wet weather”).

Noun

folc f (genitive singular foilce, nominative plural folca)

  1. downpour, flood
Declension
Declension of folc (second declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative folc folca
vocative a fholc a fholca
genitive foilce folc
dative folc folca
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an fholc na folca
genitive na foilce na bhfolc
dative leis an bhfolc
don fholc 		leis na folca
Derived terms
  • folcmhar (“pouring, torrential”, adjective)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish folcaid (“washes”), from Proto-Celtic *wolkīti. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic failc (“to bathe”), and more distantly Welsh golchi, Cornish golhi, Breton gwalc'hiñ.

Verb

folc (present analytic folcann, future analytic folcfaidh, verbal noun folcadh, past participle folctha)

  1. (transitive) bathe
  2. (transitive) wash
  3. (transitive) immerse, submerge, drench
Conjugation
conjugation of folc (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun folcadh
past participle folctha
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present folcaim folcann tú;
folcair† 		folcann sé, sí folcaimid folcann sibh folcann siad;
folcaid† 		a fholcann; a fholcas /
a bhfolcann* 		folctar
past d'fholc mé; d'fholcas /
fholc mé‡; fholcas‡ 		d'fholc tú; d'fholcais /
fholc tú; fholcais‡ 		d'fholc sé, sí /
fholc sé, sí‡ 		d'fholcamar; d'fholc muid /
fholcamar; fholc muid‡ 		d'fholc sibh; d'fholcabhair /
fholc sibh;
fholcabhair‡ 		d'fholc siad; d'fholcadar /
fholc siad; fholcadar‡ 		a d'fholc /
ar fholc* 		folcadh
past habitual d'fholcainn /
fholcainn‡; bhfolcainn‡‡ 		d'fholctá /
fholctá‡; bhfolctᇇ 		d'fholcadh sé, sí /
fholcadh sé, sí‡; bhfolcadh sé, s퇇 		d'fholcaimis; d'fholcadh muid /
fholcaimis; fholcadh muid‡; bhfolcaimis‡‡; bhfolcadh muid‡‡ 		d'fholcadh sibh /
fholcadh sibh‡; bhfolcadh sibh‡‡ 		d'fholcaidís; d'fholcadh siad /
fholcaidís; fholcadh siad‡; bhfolcaidís‡‡; bhfolcadh siad‡‡ 		a d'fholcadh /
a bhfolcadh* 		d'fholctaí /
fholctaí‡; bhfolcta퇇
future folcfaidh mé;
folcfad 		folcfaidh tú;
folcfair† 		folcfaidh sé, sí folcfaimid;
folcfaidh muid 		folcfaidh sibh folcfaidh siad;
folcfaid† 		a fholcfaidh; a fholcfas /
a bhfolcfaidh* 		folcfar
conditional d'fholcfainn / fholcfainn‡; bhfolcfainn‡‡ d'fholcfá / fholcfá‡; bhfolcfᇇ d'fholcfadh sé, sí / fholcfadh sé, sí‡; bhfolcfadh sé, s퇇 d'fholcfaimis; d'fholcfadh muid / fholcfaimis‡; fholcfadh muid‡; bhfolcfaimis‡‡; bhfolcfadh muid‡‡ d'fholcfadh sibh / fholcfadh sibh‡; bhfolcfadh sibh‡‡ d'fholcfaidís; d'fholcfadh siad / fholcfaidís‡; fholcfadh siad‡; bhfolcfaidís‡‡; bhfolcfadh siad‡‡ a d'fholcfadh /
a bhfolcfadh* 		d'fholcfaí / fholcfaí‡; bhfolcfa퇇
subjunctive
present go bhfolca mé;
go bhfolcad† 		go bhfolca tú;
go bhfolcair† 		go bhfolca sé, sí go bhfolcaimid;
go bhfolca muid 		go bhfolca sibh go bhfolca siad;
go bhfolcaid† 		— go bhfolctar
past dá bhfolcainn dá bhfolctá dá bhfolcadh sé, sí dá bhfolcaimis;
dá bhfolcadh muid 		dá bhfolcadh sibh dá bhfolcaidís;
dá bhfolcadh siad 		— dá bhfolctaí
imperative
– folcaim folc folcadh sé, sí folcaimis folcaigí;
folcaidh† 		folcaidís — folctar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms
  • folcadán (“bath”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of folc
radical lenition eclipsis
folc fholc bhfolc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Middle English

Noun

folc

  1. (chiefly Early Middle English) alternative form of folk

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.

Noun

folc n

  1. people, folk
  2. army, troop

Inflection

Declension of folc (neuter a-stem noun)
case singular plural
nominative folc folc
accusative folc folc
genitive folkes folco
dative folke folcon

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch: volc
    • Dutch: volk, vouk (dialectal)
      • Afrikaans: volk
      • Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk
      • → Sranan Tongo: folku
    • Limburgish: vouk

Further reading

  • “folk”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fulką (“people”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /folk/, [foɫk]

Noun

folc n

  1. the people, especially the common people
    Lēodhatan frēoġaþ hīe selfe, ac hīe ġeþēowiaþ þæt folc.
    Dictators free themselves, but they enslave the people.
  2. a people, nation, or tribe
    • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
      Þæt sixte wīte wæs, þæt mislīċe ḡeswel and blǣdran asprungon on heora līchaman on eallum his folce.
      The sixth plague was that various swellings and pustules sprung up on the bodies of all of his people.
  3. crowd
  4. the public
    • late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
      Hīe sæġdon þām folce þæt heora godu him wǣren ierru, tō þȳ þæt hīe him þā ġīet swīðor blēoten þonne hīe ǣr dydon.
      They told the public that their gods were angry at them, so they would sacrifice to them even more than they had before.
  5. (in the singular or plural) people (multiple individuals)
  6. military, army; troop
  7. (in compounds) popular
  8. (in compounds) public, common
  9. (in compounds) country, rural

Declension

Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative folc folc
accusative folc folc
genitive folces folca
dative folce folcum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *wolkos, from a devoiced variant of Proto-Indo-European *welg-.[1]

Noun

folc m

  1. wet weather, heavy rain

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative folc folcL foilcL
vocative foilc folcL folcuH
accusative folcN folcL folcuH
genitive foilcL folc folcN
dative folcL folcaib folcaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of folc
radical lenition nasalization
folc ḟolc folc
pronounced with /β̃-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wolko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 437

Further reading

Old Saxon

Noun

folc n

  1. alternative spelling of folk
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