Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fulką

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fulkaz (“crowd, army”), of uncertain origin. May ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Compare Latin plebs (“common people”).

Old Church Slavonic плъкъ (plŭkŭ, “army division”) and Lithuanian pulkas (“crowd”) show f > p substitution, which simply could be a result of the word being borrowed before that sound became standard phonemes in the languages thanks to loanwords. Some also speculate the possibility of the word being borrowed before Grimm's law even started. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Orel's connection with Welsh ôl (“track, trace”) is unlikely, considering the latter's likely origin from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“alien, other”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸul.kɑ̃/

Noun

*fulką n

  1. troop, army

Inflection

Declension of *fulką (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *fulką *fulkō
vocative *fulką *fulkō
accusative *fulką *fulkō
genitive *fulkas, *fulkis *fulkǫ̂
dative *fulkai *fulkamaz
instrumental *fulkō *fulkamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *folk
  • Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka)
  • Gothic: *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (likely)
    • → Proto-Slavic: *pъlkъ
      • East Slavic:
        • Old East Slavic: пълкъ (pŭlkŭ)
          • Old Ruthenian: полкъ (polk) (< influence of the Middle Russian полкъ (polk))
            • Belarusian: полк (polk)
            • Ukrainian: полк (polk), повк (povk), півк (pivk)
            • → Polish: połk, półk, pułk
          • Middle Russian: полкъ (polk)
      • South Slavic:
        • Old Church Slavonic:
          Old Cyrillic script: плъкъ (plŭkŭ)
          Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱏⰽⱏ (plŭkŭ)
        • Bulgarian: пълк (pǎlk)
        • Macedonian: полк (polk)
        • Serbo-Croatian:
          Cyrillic script: пу̑к
          Latin script: pȗk
        • Slovene: połk
      • West Slavic:
  • → Proto-Finnic: *hulkka (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fulkan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
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