Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ci

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *-te, *-nte.

Suffix

*-ci

  1. The second-person singular possessive ending.

Usage notes

  • This was the form used in the nominative singular. The oblique form *-nci (with initial *-n re-extracted from other inflectional suffixes, such as the genitive *-n) was used with all other cases and numbers.[1]
  • In some cases, the bare stem *-ci may surface as *-ti when preceded by e.g. *-t- in consonant stems.
  • The possessive suffix follows the case suffix.

Coordinate terms

Proto-Finnic possessive suffixes
Person Nominative singular Oblique or plural
1st sing *-mi *-ni
2nd sing *-ci *-nci
3rd sing *-sa *-nsa
1st plur *-mak *-nak
2nd plur *-dak *-ndak
3rd plur *-sak *-nsak
Reference: Petri Kallio (2021) “Kaksikko aina kaunihimpi? Itämerensuomalaisten possessiivisuffiksien taustaa”, in Taina Saarikivi, Janne Saarikivi, editors, Turhan tiedon kirja: Tutkimuksista pois jätettyjä sivuja (Kirjokansi; 291) (in Finnish), pages 157-173

Descendants

  • Finnish: -si, (dialectal) -ns (< *-nci; Kymenlaakso)
  • Ingrian: -s
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: -š
    • South Karelian: -š
  • Livvi: -s
  • Veps: -iž, -ič

References

  1. ^ Petri Kallio (2021) “Kaksikko aina kaunihimpi? Itämerensuomalaisten possessiivisuffiksien taustaa”, in Taina Saarikivi, Janne Saarikivi, editors, Turhan tiedon kirja: Tutkimuksista pois jätettyjä sivuja (Kirjokansi; 291) (in Finnish), pages 157-173
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