Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/jo

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ju,[1][2] or alternatively from Proto-Baltic *jau (compare Latvian jau, Lithuanian jaũ).[3] Not related to *joka.

Adverb

*jo[4]

  1. already

Descendants

  • Estonian: ju
  • Finnish: jo
  • Ingrian: jo
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: jo
    • South Karelian: jo
  • Livonian: jo, ju
  • Livvi: jo
  • Ludian: d'o
  • Veps: jo
  • Võro: jo, joq
  • Votic: jo

References

  1. ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “jo”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  2. ^ “ju”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  3. ^ Jakob, A. (2023) “Baltic → Finnic borrowings”, in A history of East Baltic through language contact‎[2], page 111
  4. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*jo”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎[3] (in Finnish)

Further reading

  • “ju”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “jo”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[4] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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