Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kärcidäk
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *kärtitäk, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.[1] Alternatively and less likely from Proto-Finno-Permic *kärte-[2] (compare Erzya кирдемс (kirdems, “to hold, endure”)), but this etymology is probably irregular. Cognate with Proto-Samic *kiertëtēk.
Verb
*kärcidäk (stem *kärci-)[3]
Inflection
Inflection of *kärcidäk
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kärcin | *kärcejin | — | *kärcigon |
| 2nd sing. | *kärcit | *kärcejit | *kärcik | *kärcigos |
| 3rd sing. | *kärcibi *kärci |
*kärceji | *kärcigäsen | *kärcigosen |
| 1st plur. | *kärcikmek *kärcikmäk |
*kärcejimek *kärcejimäk |
*kärcigätemek *kärcigätämäk |
*kärcigotemek *kärcigotämäk |
| 2nd plur. | *kärciktek *kärciktäk |
*kärcejidek *kärcejidäk |
*kärcigäte *kärcigätä |
*kärcigot'ek *kärcigotädäk |
| 3rd plur. | *kärcibät *kärci |
*kärceji | *kärcigäsen | *kärcigosen |
| passive | *kärciksen *kärcit'äksen |
*kärcidisen *kärcittisen |
*kärcidäkähen *kärcittäkähen |
*kärcidäkohen *kärcittäkohen |
| connegative | *kärcik | — | *kärcigäk | *kärcigok |
| passive connegative | *kärciktäk | — | *kärcidägäk *kärcittägäk |
*kärcidägok *kärcittägok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kärcikcin | *kärcejicin | *kärcinen | |
| 2nd sing. | *kärcikcit | *kärcejicit | *kärcinet | |
| 3rd sing. | *kärcikci | *kärcejici | *kärcini | |
| 1st plur. | *kärcikcimek *kärcikcimäk |
*kärcejicimek *kärcejicimäk |
*kärcinemek *kärcinemäk | |
| 2nd plur. | *kärcikcidek *kärcikcidäk |
*kärcejicidek *kärcejicidäk |
*kärcinedek *kärcinedäk | |
| 3rd plur. | *kärcikci | *kärcejici | *kärcini | |
| passive | *kärcidäkcihen *kärcit'äkcihen |
*kärcidicihen *kärcitticihen |
*kärcidänehen *kärcittänehen | |
| connegative | *kärcikcik | *kärcejicik | *kärcinek | |
| passive connegative | *kärcidäkcik *kärcit'äkcik |
*kärcidicik *kärcitticik |
*kärcidänek *kärcittänek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kärcidäk | present | *kärcibä | *kärcidäpä *kärcittäpä |
| infinitive 2 | *kärcide- | past | *kärcinüt | *kärcidü *kärcittü |
| gerund/supine | *kärcimä | |||
| action noun | *kärciminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kärsima/kärsida
- Finnish: kärsiä
- Ingrian: kärsiä
- Karelian: kärsie
- Veps: kärzida
- Võro: kärs'mä/kärsiq
- Votic: (Mati) tšärsiä
References
- ^ Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- ^ http://uralonet.nytud.hu/eintrag.cgi?id_eintrag=1286
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kärci-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][1] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- “kärsima”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012