Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hardijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *harduz (“hard, severe”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑr.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hardijaną[1]

  1. to make hard, strong; to harden

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hardijō *hardijaų — *hardijai ?
2nd singular *hardīsi *hardijais *hardī *hardijasai *hardijaisau
3rd singular *hardīþi *hardijai *hardijaþau *hardijaþai *hardijaiþau
1st dual *hardijōs *hardijaiw — — —
2nd dual *hardijaþiz *hardijaiþiz *hardijaþiz — —
1st plural *hardijamaz *hardijaim — *hardijanþai *hardijainþau
2nd plural *hardīþ *hardijaiþ *hardīþ *hardijanþai *hardijainþau
3rd plural *hardijanþi *hardijain *hardijanþau *hardijanþai *hardijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hardidǭ *hardidēdį̄
2nd singular *hardidēz *hardidēdīz
3rd singular *hardidē *hardidēdī
1st dual *hardidēdū *hardidēdīw
2nd dual *hardidēdudiz *hardidēdīdiz
1st plural *hardidēdum *hardidēdīm
2nd plural *hardidēdud *hardidēdīd
3rd plural *hardidēdun *hardidēdīn
present past
participles *hardijandz *hardidaz

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xarđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 162
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